Biology Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards

Study Notes

Skeletal Muscles

Attached to bones, referred to as voluntary muscles with conscious control over movements.
Composed of bundles of muscle cells (fibers), blood vessels, and nerves, held together by connective tissue.

Functions of Skeletal Muscles

Movement: Contracts to enable movement of bones, crucial for activities like walking and running.
Posture: Maintains body alignment when sitting, standing, or moving.
Body Heat: Produces heat during contraction to help regulate body temperature.
Respiration: Aids in breathing by moving the chest wall.
Communication: Facilitates speaking, writing, gesturing, and smiling.

Striated Muscle

Skeletal muscles exhibit striations (alternating dark and light bands), indicative of their structure and contraction mechanism.

Hypertrophy and Atrophy

Hypertrophy: Muscles enlarge from exercise and weightlifting, increasing fiber thickness.
Atrophy: Muscles shrink when not exercised or used properly.

Muscle Soreness

Caused by lactic acid buildup during exercise, leading to inflammation and pain in muscles and connective tissues.

Muscle Cramps

Sudden, painful contractions of muscles; causes may include poor diet, low electrolyte levels, caffeine, tobacco use, or reduced blood supply.

Muscle Strain

A range of injuries from a simple stretch to partial/complete tears in muscles or tendons. Treatment typically involves RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) and rehabilitation exercises; severe cases may need surgery.

Fibromyalgia

A chronic condition affecting muscles and tendons, characterized by widespread pain, fatigue, and depression. No known cause or laboratory tests exist; treatments focus on pain management and stress reduction.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune disorder leading to muscle weakness that increases with activity and improves with rest. Affects facial muscles and impairs movements like chewing and talking due to blocked nerve signals.

Muscular Dystrophy

A group of hereditary disorders that progressively weaken skeletal muscles. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent form, typically starting at age three, with few affected individuals living beyond 20 years.

Rhabdomyolysis

A serious condition involving the breakdown of muscle fibers which releases myoglobin into the bloodstream, potentially leading to kidney failure. Various causes include muscle trauma, extreme exercise, and substance abuse.

Tenosynovitis

Inflammation of the tendon sheath, commonly in the wrists and hands, often due to repetitive use, causing pain and restricted joint movement.

Rotator Cuff Tears

Injuries frequently occurring in the shoulder from overuse or specific sports like baseball and football. Tears can be partial or complete.

Ganglion Cysts

Fluid-filled cysts typically found on the back of the wrist, resulting from inflammation of synovial tendon sheaths. These cysts often resolve on their own.

Stenosing Tenosynovitis

(Definition incomplete; please refer to further study materials for complete information.)

Description

Test your knowledge of key terms from Chapter 5 of your Biology textbook. Each flashcard provides essential definitions, including those related to skeletal muscles and their functions. Ideal for reinforcing concepts and aiding in study preparation.

Biology Chapter 5 Terms Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are skeletal muscles?

The __________ of skeletal muscles includes movement, posture, body heat, respiration, and communication.

Which of the following is a characteristic of striated muscle?

What happens to muscles during hypertrophy?

What is muscle soreness commonly caused by?

What are muscle cramps?

What is a muscle strain?

What symptoms are associated with fibromyalgia?

What characterizes myasthenia gravis?

What is muscular dystrophy?

What occurs during rhabdomyolysis?

What is tenosynovitis?

What causes rotator cuff tears?

What are ganglion cysts?