Muscle Types and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movements?

  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Involuntary muscle
  • What is a key characteristic of smooth muscle?

  • Spindle-shaped cells (correct)
  • Conscious control
  • Multinucleated cells
  • Striated appearance
  • What structure serves as a protective wrapping around a whole skeletal muscle?

  • Fascia
  • Perimysium
  • Epimysium (correct)
  • Endomysium
  • Where is cardiac muscle exclusively found?

    <p>In the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to muscle tissue that is not under conscious control?

    <p>Involuntary muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prefixes refers specifically to muscle?

    <p>myo-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connective tissue surrounds a single muscle fiber?

    <p>Endomysium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes skeletal muscle cells under a microscope?

    <p>Striations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle?

    <p>Storage of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Acetylcholine is released from the nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of skeletal muscle allows it to respond to stimuli?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the H zone in muscle fibers?

    <p>It is the region without actin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a motor unit comprised of?

    <p>One neuron and multiple muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the sarcolemma is crucial for muscle contraction initiation?

    <p>Its permeability to sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical is identified as the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle?

    <p>Acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fills the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of skeletal muscles?

    <p>To produce movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the structure of skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>They are multinucleated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the skeletal muscle cell functions as a specialized plasma membrane?

    <p>Sarcolemma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is the contractile unit of a muscle fiber called?

    <p>Sarcomere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which filaments are primarily involved in muscle contraction?

    <p>Both actin and myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscles?

    <p>To store Ca for muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which band in the myofibril is described as the light band consisting of actin filaments?

    <p>I band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of myosin filaments enables them to interact with actin during muscle contraction?

    <p>Their ATPase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscle Types

    • Muscles are responsible for body movement.
    • Three types of muscle:
      • Skeletal
      • Cardiac
      • Smooth

    Muscle Characteristics

    • Muscle cells are elongated (muscle cells = muscle fibers).
    • Muscle contraction is due to the movement of microfilaments.
    • Terms associated with muscle:
      • "myo"
      • "mys"
      • "sarco"

    Skeletal Muscles

    • Attached to bones via tendons.
    • Multinucleated cells.
    • Striated appearance due to banding.
    • Voluntary control.
    • Surrounded by connective tissue.

    Connective Tissue Wrappings of Skeletal Muscle

    • Endomysium: around single muscle fibers.
    • Perimysium: around bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles).
    • Epimysium: covering the entire muscle.
    • Fascia: outside the epimysium.

    Skeletal Muscle Attachments

    • Epimysium blends with connective tissue attachments.
      • Tendon: cord-like structure.
      • Aponeuroses: sheet-like structure.
    • Attachment sites:
      • Bones
      • Cartilages
      • Connective tissue coverings

    Smooth Muscles

    • Non-striated.
    • Spindle-shaped cells.
    • Single nucleus.
    • Involuntary control.
    • Found in hollow organs.

    Cardiac Muscles

    • Striated.
    • Usually single nucleus.
    • Joined to other muscle cells at intercalated discs.
    • Involuntary control.
    • Found only in the heart.

    Functions of Muscles

    • Produce movement.
    • Maintain posture.
    • Stabilize joints.
    • Generate heat.

    Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles

    • Cells are multinucleated.
    • Nuclei are located just below the sarcolemma.
    • Sarcolemma: specialized plasma membrane.
    • Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR): specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium.
    • Myofibril: bundles of myofilaments; responsible for striated appearance.

    Sarcomere

    • Contractile unit of a muscle fiber.
    • Thick filaments: myosin filaments; contain myosin protein and ATPase enzymes.
    • Thin filaments: actin filaments; composed of actin protein.

    Properties of Skeletal Muscle Activity

    • Irritability: ability to respond to a stimulus.
    • Contractility: ability to shorten when stimulated.

    Nerve Stimulus to Muscles

    • Skeletal muscles require nerve stimulation to contract.
    • Motor Unit: consists of one neuron and all muscle cells it stimulates.

    Neuromuscular Junction

    • The site where nerve and muscle meet.
    • Synaptic cleft: gap between nerve and muscle; filled with interstitial fluid.

    Transmission of Nerve Impulse to Muscle

    • Neurotransmitter: chemical released by the nerve when an impulse arrives.
      • Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle.
    • Neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the sarcolemma.
    • Sarcolemma becomes permeable to sodium (Na+).

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    Related Documents

    Muscle Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Explore the three types of muscles: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. Learn about their unique characteristics, structures, and the connective tissue that supports them. This quiz covers essential terms and features of skeletal muscles and their attachments.

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