Biology Chapter 5 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of natural selection favors individuals with extreme traits compared to those with intermediate traits?

  • Stabilizing Selection
  • Directional Selection
  • Artificial Selection
  • Disruptive Selection (correct)

What is the correct order of taxonomic ranks from broadest to most specific?

  • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (correct)
  • Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
  • Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
  • Phylum, Domain, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

How do bacteria reproduce asexually?

  • Binary Fission (correct)
  • Mitosis
  • Budding
  • Meiosis

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that contributes to genetic diversity during meiosis?

<p>Replication of DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered the pacemaker of the heart?

<p>Sinoatrial Node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart?

<p>Veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of plant tissue is responsible for primary growth, increasing the length of the plant?

<p>Meristematic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor affecting breathing rate?

<p>Amount of carbon dioxide in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

<p>Absorption of nutrients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following events does NOT occur during the process of alternation of generations in plants?

<p>Gametophytes produce gametes through mitosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between vital capacity and tidal volume?

<p>Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a deep inhalation, while tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valve found in the heart?

<p>Pulmonary Valve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a type of evolution where two species evolve in response to each other?

<p>Co-evolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in an organism?

<p>To produce gametes for sexual reproduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do incomplete dominance and complete dominance differ?

<p>Complete dominance shows a dominant phenotype, whereas incomplete dominance results in a phenotype that is intermediate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately represents the process of spermatogenesis?

<p>Formation of four mature sperm cells from one precursor cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic disorder is characterized by an extra chromosome 21?

<p>Down's syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism represents a pre-zygotic isolation mechanism?

<p>Temporal isolation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Trisomy

A condition where a cell has one extra chromosome (ex: Down Syndrome, Trisomy-21).

Monosomy

A condition where a cell is missing a chromosome (ex: Turner syndrome, Monosomy-X).

Lamarckism

A type of evolution where organisms change through the inheritance of acquired traits (e.g., the giraffe's long neck).

Meiosis

The process of producing gametes (sperm and egg cells) by halving the number of chromosomes. It involves two stages.

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Mitosis

The process by which a cell replicates its chromosomes and divides, producing two identical daughter cells. Used for growth and repair.

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Allopatric Speciation

A type of speciation where two populations become reproductively isolated due to geographic barriers.

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Sympatric Speciation

A type of speciation where two populations become reproductively isolated within the same geographic area.

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Disruptive Selection

A type of natural selection where individuals with extreme traits are favored over those with intermediate traits.

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Directional Selection

A type of natural selection where individuals with traits at one extreme of a range are favored.

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Stabilizing Selection

A type of natural selection where individuals with intermediate traits are favored.

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Co-evolution

A type of natural selection where two species evolve in response to each other, often developing adaptations that are specific to their relationship.

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Convergent Evolution

A type of evolution where two species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, even though they are not closely related.

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Adaptive Radiation

The process by which a single species evolves into a variety of new species that occupy different ecological niches.

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What are the two events that occur during meiosis that lead to genetic diversity?

The two events during meiosis that contribute to genetic diversity are crossing over and independent assortment. Crossing over occurs when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to a mix of parental genes. Independent assortment refers to the random distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells during meiosis I, resulting in different combinations of chromosomes.

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Define peristalsis

Peristalsis is a wave-like muscle contraction that propels food through the digestive tract. It's like squeezing a toothpaste tube, moving food along the esophagus and intestines.

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Know the meaning of the alternation of generations

The alternation of generations in plants refers to the life cycle that alternates between a haploid gametophyte generation, which produces gametes, and a diploid sporophyte generation, which produces spores. Imagine a plant that has both a 'gamete' phase and a 'spore' phase.

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The function of the small intestine

The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It has a large surface area with villi and microvilli to maximize nutrient uptake. Think of it as a long, winding path lined with tiny fingers that absorb food.

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How are annual rings in a tree formed?

Annual rings in a tree are formed by the growth of vascular cambium, a layer of meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth. During the growing season, the cambium produces new xylem cells with larger diameters, forming light-colored wood. In winter, the cambium produces smaller, darker-colored wood. The alternating layers create the visible rings.

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