Biology Chapter 5 Quiz

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What structure is primarily responsible for controlling the cell's functions and contains most of its DNA?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Ribosome

Golgi Apparatus

Nucleus (correct)

What type of RNA carries the message from DNA to the ribosomes?

rRNA

mRNA (correct)

tRNA

sRNA

What is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Synthesis of lipids

Transporting waste out of the cell

Storage of genetic information

Facilitating protein synthesis (correct)

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Modification and packaging of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell is specifically involved in bringing amino acids to the ribosomes?

tRNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osmosis in a biological system?

Diffusion of water to balance concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the transport of substances with the aid of proteins?

Facilitated diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes active transport from passive transport mechanisms?

It uses energy to move substances against the concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes phagocytosis?

Engulfing of solid particles by the cell Signup and view all the answers

Exocytosis is primarily responsible for what cellular action?

Removal of substances from inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group has no antibodies in plasma?

Group AB Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of agglutination in blood transfusions?

Clumping of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Rh factors is true?

Rh+ individuals have Rh antigens and no Rh antibodies. Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood is primarily used to treat severe blood loss?

Whole blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the lymphatic system?

Collect escaped fluid and return it to circulation Signup and view all the answers

What components make up lymph?

Fluid matrix and white blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Which blood group contains both Antigen A and Antigen B?

Type AB Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antibodies in plasma?

To bind with specific antigens Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rib cage during inspiration?

It expands outwards and upwards. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily decreases lung pressure during inspiration?

Contraction of the diaphragm. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes asthma as a respiratory disease?

Bronchospasm and air trapping. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of an increase in lung volume during inspiration?

Air flows into the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is related to chronic bronchial outflow obstruction?

COPD. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during expiration due to a decrease in lung volume?

Pressure in the lungs increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential trigger for asthma attacks?

Allergic reactions. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when lung pressure is higher than external pressure during expiration?

Air flows out of the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and remaining nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch into disaccharides in the small intestine?

Pancreatic amylase Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system is responsible for mechanical digestion through chewing?

Mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is peristalsis?

The contraction of muscles to move food through the digestive tract Signup and view all the answers

Where is bile produced and stored?

Liver; gall bladder Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily secreted by gastric chief cells in the stomach?

Pepsin Signup and view all the answers

What role does mucus play in the digestive system?

It lubricates and protects the digestive lining Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes helps digest lactose?

Lactase Signup and view all the answers

What is chyme?

The soupy liquid formed from food and stomach juices Signup and view all the answers

What causes constipation in the digestive system?

Increased water absorption leaving faeces dry and hard Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth is primarily used for biting and cutting?

Incisors Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the small intestine is the first part?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What type of digestion occurs primarily in the stomach?

Mechanical and chemical digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the salivary glands in digestion?

Producing saliva containing digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers