Biology Chapter 5 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

  • The endocrine system regulating growth through hormones.
  • Formation of nervous tissue.
  • Photosynthesis converting sunlight into glucose.
  • Digestion of food to produce energy. (correct)

How do diploid cells differ from haploid cells in humans?

  • Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, resulting in 46 total, while haploid cells contain 23 unpaired chromosomes. (correct)
  • Haploid cells are found in skin tissue and diploid cells are found in the heart.
  • Haploid cells regulate metabolism where diploid cells only protect the body.
  • Diploid cells have 23 chromosomes, while haploid cells have 46.

Which organ system includes the skin, hair, and nails, and what is its primary function?

  • Nervous system; transmits signals between the brain and the body
  • Lymphatic system; To defend against infection.
  • Endocrine system; To regulate growth and metabolism.
  • Integumentary system; protects the body and regulates temperature. (correct)

How do organ systems contribute to the survival of an organism?

<p>They create complex interactions to maintain balance and sustain life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organ?

<p>Skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios primarily involves the application of qualitative rather than quantitative data?

<p>Recording the detailed coloration changes and behavioral patterns of a bird species in its natural habitat over several weeks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new species of insect is discovered in a rainforest. After observing its feeding habits, scientists determine it consumes both leaves and small insects. Based on this information, how would this species be classified?

<p>Omnivore, because it consumes both plant and animal matter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action exemplifies a community taking responsibility for the ethical use of scientific discoveries?

<p>A government establishing regulations on the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) based on public and scientific input. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study on the effectiveness of a new drug, researchers use the metric system to measure dosages and patient responses. Which of the following units would be most appropriate for measuring the mass of the drug administered to each patient?

<p>Gram (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process exemplifies anabolism?

<p>Synthesis of proteins from amino acids in ribosomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider a scenario where a rare plant species is on the brink of extinction due to habitat loss. Which conservation effort aligns with the goal of endangered species prevention?

<p>Establishing a protected area to preserve the plant's habitat and prevent further destruction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of glucose in living organisms?

<p>Immediate source of energy for cellular activities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do anabolism and catabolism relate to metabolism?

<p>They are opposite processes that together constitute metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on the relationships between organisms and their environments?

<p>Ecology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of metabolism for living organisms?

<p>Essential for energy conversion, growth, and maintenance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sucrose, or table sugar, is composed of which two monosaccharides?

<p>Glucose and fructose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of biological organization is exemplified by muscle tissue?

<p>Tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of microbiology as a field of study?

<p>The study of microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the biosphere and various ecosystems?

<p>Ecosystems are components contained within the biosphere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a slide is too dark to view, which part of the microscope should be adjusted first to improve visibility?

<p>Mirror or Light Source (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student is initially viewing a specimen under the scanner objective lens. What is the primary benefit of using this lens compared to others?

<p>It allows for quick examination and location of specific areas on the slide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parts is responsible for holding the objective lenses and maintaining the correct distance between the eyepiece and objective?

<p>Body tube (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A scientist discovers a new single-celled organism. Based on the provided information, to which of the following groups could it potentially belong?

<p>Archaebacteria, Bacteria, or Protist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the microscope provides gross control of the distance between the objective lens and the specimen?

<p>Coarse adjustment knob (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a microscope is directly responsible for connecting the base to the body?

<p>Pillar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A student needs to move a slide to visualize a structure on the right side but it is on the left side, what should the student do?

<p>Physically move the slide to the left side (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which of the following locations would simple columnar epithelium be LEAST likely to perform gaseous exchange?

<p>Stomach lining (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the arrangement of cells in pseudostratified columnar epithelium contribute to its unique appearance?

<p>The nuclei are positioned at varying levels, giving the illusion of multiple layers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is primarily associated with the transitional epithelium found in the bladder?

<p>Protection from urine and accommodating changes in bladder volume. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of cilia in simple columnar ciliated epithelium relate to its function in the female reproductive tract?

<p>Cilia facilitate the movement of oocytes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a drug inhibits the function of the Golgi apparatus in cells lining the small intestine, which process would be most directly affected?

<p>Secretion of digestive mucus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the cell membrane in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

<p>Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which of the following processes is most likely to occur?

<p>The cell will undergo plasmolysis as water moves out. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cell provides a medium for cell organelles to be suspended and facilitates the transport of substances within the cell?

<p>Cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of stage clips on a microscope stage?

<p>To hold the slide in place during observation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an animal cell, what condition results from water loss due to being placed in a hypertonic environment?

<p>Crenation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dust shield on a microscope?

<p>To protect the objective lenses from dust. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the fine adjustment knob serve on a microscope?

<p>For precise focusing, especially at high magnifications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the function of the revolving nosepiece on a microscope?

<p>To hold and allow the selection of different objective lenses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Medical Treatment

Interventions to improve health, including surgery and medicines.

Qualitative Information

Non-numeric data that provides descriptive insights.

Herbivores

Animals that exclusively eat plants, leaves, and fruits.

Carnivores

Animals that primarily eat other animals (meat).

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Omnivores

Animals that eat both plants and meat.

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Metabolism

Set of chemical reactions in living organisms that convert food into energy and maintain functions.

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Anabolism

A building process that uses energy to form complex molecules.

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Catabolism

Process that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones releasing energy.

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Sucrose

A disaccharide with the formula C12H22O11, commonly known as table sugar found in plants.

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Glucose

A monosaccharide (C6H12O6) and major energy source found in many foods like fruits.

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Cell

The smallest, basic, functional unit of life formed from atoms and molecules.

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Tissue

A group of cells working together to perform a specialized function.

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Ecology

The study of relationships between organisms and their environment.

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Nervous Tissue

A type of tissue that transmits signals in the body.

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Photosynthesis

Process where plants convert sunlight into glucose.

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Diploid Cells

Cells containing two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

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Microscope

An instrument used to magnify small objects.

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Scanner

A microscope part with a short objective lens for 4x magnification.

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Biosphere

The sum of all ecosystems where life exists on Earth.

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Pillar

A vertical support connecting the base to the body of a microscope.

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Drawtube

A small tube connecting eyepiece to body tube in a microscope.

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Mirror

An adjustable mirror under the stage to reflect light to the specimen.

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Light Source

A built-in lamp or external source providing illumination for specimens.

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Coarse Adjustment Knob

A large knob that moves the microscope tube up and down.

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Body Tube

A long tube holding lenses in place for viewing specimens.

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Gaseous Exchange

Process of transferring gases between the body and environment.

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Transitional Epithelium

Type of epithelium that can stretch and change shape, usually 4-5 layers thick.

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Simple Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

Specialized epithelium with cilia, mainly in the female reproductive tract.

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Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Looks multilayered but is a single layer; all cells touch the basement membrane.

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Function of Epithelia

Epithelial tissues assist in protection, secretion, absorption, and transportation.

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Cell Membrane

The outer lining of the cell, enclosing organelles; semipermeable.

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Revolving Nosepiece

A rotating disc holding the objective lenses of a microscope.

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Stage

The platform for a slide in a microscope, with an opening for light.

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Cytoplasm

The fluid substance filling the cell, supporting organelles.

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Dust Shield

A protective cover over the microscope's nosepiece and objectives.

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Stage Clips

Metal clips on the microscope stage that hold the slide in place.

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Inclination Joint

A hinge that allows the microscope to be tilted for better viewing.

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Cell Shrinking

Occurs when cells lose water in a hypertonic solution; known as crenation in animals and plasmolysis in plants.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Biology

  • Biology is the study of life
  • Biologists study the interactions between living things
  • No living thing exists in isolation
  • Biologists study problems and propose solutions
  • Examples of study problems include medical treatment, disease prevention, and endangered species prevention

Scientific Information

  • Scientific information can be qualitative or quantitative
  • Quantitative information uses numerical data
  • Quantitative data can be compared, graphed, or tabulated
  • Qualitative information is observational data
  • Scientists use the International System of measurements (SI)
  • Advantages of SI include a few basic units and the use of multiples of ten
  • Common metric units in biology include meter (length), gram (mass), liter (volume), second (time), and Kelvin (temperature)

Science and Society

  • Some people blame scientists for controversial things in science
  • Scientific knowledge is never inherently good or bad
  • Society must be responsible for its ethical use of scientific discoveries

Ethics

  • Ethics include moral principles and values held by humans
  • Science cannot answer all questions
  • Some questions, like good versus evil, are not in the realm of science

Technology

  • Technology applies scientific research to society's needs and problems
  • Increased food production, reduced manual labor, and decreased environmental pollution are examples of technology's impact

Living Things

  • Eight characteristics classify a living thing
  • Living things are made up of cells—the smallest unit of life
  • Living things reproduce (asexual or sexual)
  • Living things use a universal genetic code (amino acids)
  • Living things grow and develop (differentiation)
  • Living things maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis)
  • Living things obtain and use materials and energy (metabolism)
  • Living things respond to their environment

Living Things and Reproduction

  • Sexual reproduction requires two parents with genetically diverse offspring
  • Asexual reproduction involves only one parent, producing genetically identical offspring
  • Examples of asexual reproduction include binary fission, budding, fragmentation, and vegetative propagation
  • Examples of sexual reproduction include fertilization in mammals, birds, and reptiles, and pollination in flowering plants

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