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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
When there is excess water in the body, ADH secretion is increased.
When there is excess water in the body, ADH secretion is increased.
False
What hormone is released by the juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure decreases?
What hormone is released by the juxtaglomerular cells when blood pressure decreases?
renin
Angiotensin II causes the adrenal gland to secrete __________.
Angiotensin II causes the adrenal gland to secrete __________.
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Match the following components of the renin-angiotensin system with their roles:
Match the following components of the renin-angiotensin system with their roles:
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What is the main purpose of a thermostat in a negative feedback system?
What is the main purpose of a thermostat in a negative feedback system?
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Negative feedback systems are designed to enhance changes in the body.
Negative feedback systems are designed to enhance changes in the body.
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Which part of the control system interprets data and sends messages out?
Which part of the control system interprets data and sends messages out?
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The process by which a mechanism is activated to restore conditions to their original state is known as __________.
The process by which a mechanism is activated to restore conditions to their original state is known as __________.
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Match the components of the feedback control system to their functions:
Match the components of the feedback control system to their functions:
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What happens when CO2 levels rise in the body during homeostasis?
What happens when CO2 levels rise in the body during homeostasis?
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Positive feedback systems are used to maintain steady states in the body.
Positive feedback systems are used to maintain steady states in the body.
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What is the term for the systems that deliver messages to target organs?
What is the term for the systems that deliver messages to target organs?
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Sweat glands are an example of __________ that help maintain homeostasis.
Sweat glands are an example of __________ that help maintain homeostasis.
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Which of the following describes a characteristic of negative feedback?
Which of the following describes a characteristic of negative feedback?
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What is the normal body temperature range for humans?
What is the normal body temperature range for humans?
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Homeostasis refers to the body's attempt to maintain stable conditions within an acceptable range.
Homeostasis refers to the body's attempt to maintain stable conditions within an acceptable range.
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What condition indicates a body temperature that falls below the normal range?
What condition indicates a body temperature that falls below the normal range?
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Homeostasis is often referred to as a __________ equilibrium.
Homeostasis is often referred to as a __________ equilibrium.
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Match the components of homeostatic control systems with their functions:
Match the components of homeostatic control systems with their functions:
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What happens to body temperature during an infection?
What happens to body temperature during an infection?
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The thermostat in a household is an example of a homeostatic control system.
The thermostat in a household is an example of a homeostatic control system.
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What could happen if hypothermia is left untreated?
What could happen if hypothermia is left untreated?
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What stimulates the release of insulin?
What stimulates the release of insulin?
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Glucagon decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
Glucagon decreases blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
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What is the primary function of insulin?
What is the primary function of insulin?
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The process of maintaining a stable body temperature is known as ________.
The process of maintaining a stable body temperature is known as ________.
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Match the hormones with their primary function:
Match the hormones with their primary function:
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting glycolysis?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for promoting glycolysis?
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The hypothalamus is involved in thermoregulation.
The hypothalamus is involved in thermoregulation.
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What is glycogenesis?
What is glycogenesis?
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When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon triggers the process of ________ to increase glucose levels.
When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon triggers the process of ________ to increase glucose levels.
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Which of the following systems is NOT involved in thermoregulation?
Which of the following systems is NOT involved in thermoregulation?
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Study Notes
Chapter 5: Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the body's attempt to maintain "normal" levels within the body.
- It is often referred to as dynamic equilibrium.
- This is a mechanism to ensure that all body systems function within an acceptable range to sustain life.
- Homeostasis involves keeping the internal environment within set ranges.
Core Temperature
- Humans have a normal temperature of around 36.2 to 37.2 degrees Celsius.
- Body temperature above normal likely indicates an infection.
- Body increases temperature to fight infection.
- Body temperature below this range indicates hypothermia which can lead to cell damage and possibly death if left untreated.
Homeostatic Control Systems
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Homeostatic control systems have 3 components:
- Monitor: monitors changes
- Coordinating centre: receives signals from the monitor to respond
- Regulator: acts on the signal from the coordinating centre to restore normal balance
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The monitor sends a signal to the coordinating centre about changes in normal levels.
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The coordinating centre then sends messages to the regulator to restore homeostasis.
Example: Household Thermostat
- A thermostat is a negative feedback system.
- The thermostat is set to 22 degrees Celsius.
- When the temperature falls below 22 degrees, the thermostat switches on the furnace.
- When the temperature rises above normal the thermostat switches off the heating.
Negative Feedback Loops
- Negative feedback loops ensure that small changes don't become too large.
- The process by which a mechanism is activated to restore conditions to their original state.
- This is how homeostasis is maintained
Components of Control Systems
- Sensors: Gather data (senses).
- Control Center: Receives data, interprets information, and sends messages (e.g., brain).
- Communication System: Delivers messages to target organs/tissues (e.g., PNS - motor neurons).
- Targets: Respond to change (e.g., muscles, glands).
Negative Feedback Loops are Necessary for Homeostasis
- Feedback compares current conditions to the body's comfort levels (set ranges).
- Negative feedback counteracts changes and brings the body back to homeostasis.
Homeostasis and Temperature Control
- The nervous system signals dermal blood vessels to dilate/constrict and sweat glands to secrete.
- If body temperature continues to drop, nervous system signals muscles to contract involuntarily.
- Body heat is conserved/generated by increased muscle activity.
- Body heat is lost to surroundings.
Positive Feedback
- Positive feedback increases change away from the set points, needed for rapid change in the body.
- Example 1: Torn blood vessels stimulate the release of clotting factors to stop blood flow.
- Example 2: Delivery process and stimulation of mammary gland by oxytocin.
Homeostasis and Water Balance
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All living things need water.
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The body maintains the balance between water intake (drinking, food, metabolic processes) and water loss (urine, sweat, breathing, feces).
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Kidneys regulate the amount of water lost in urine.
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Concentrated urine during dehydration & diluted urine when excess water is present.
- Hypothalamus detects water levels and signals pituitary gland.
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Homeostasis is affected by water intake and excess water intake.
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- RAAS regulates blood pressure by acting on the kidneys.
- Low blood pressure triggers the release of Renin.
- A chain of reactions results in the secretion of Aldosterone, a hormone that holds onto sodium resulting in an increase in blood volume and thus blood pressure.
Insulin & Glucagon
- Purpose: To regulate blood glucose levels and ensure energy supply/metabolic balance.
- Two major players: Insulin and glucagon.
- Insulin: lowers blood glucose.
- Glucagon: raises blood glucose.
- Regulation and interaction are dependent on the postprandial (after eating) or fasting state.
Body Processes
- Thermoregulation: Maintaining a steady body temperature.
- Components of thermoregulation: muscular, integument (skin), respiratory, circulatory, nervous (hypothalamus in brain), endocrine (hormones, feedback).
- Homeostasis in action: excess water intake, dehydration
- Thermoregulation In Hot and cold conditions: Skin, heart, lungs, nervous system, muscular system
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Description
This quiz covers Chapter 5 on homeostasis, the body's mechanism to maintain stable internal conditions essential for life. It discusses core temperature regulation, homeostatic control systems, and their components for monitoring and maintaining balance. Test your understanding of these vital biological processes.
