Biology Chapter 5: Genetics and Perception

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the observable characteristics resulting from the interaction of genotype and environment?

Gene

Alleles

Genotype

Phenotype (correct)

Which statement accurately describes gene expression?

It is the use of genetic instructions to produce specific proteins. (correct)

It occurs only in reproductive cells.

It is the process of receiving alleles from parents.

It is a way to eliminate unneeded genes from the genome.

How many chromosomes does each parent contribute to their offspring?

46 chromosomes

23 chromosomes (correct)

24 chromosomes

22 chromosomes

What is the role of alleles in genetics?

They create variations of a specific gene. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the human genome in somatic cells?

Sperm cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cones in the human retina?

To provide sharp images and ability to see color under bright light Signup and view all the answers

Which color channels are proposed in the opponent process theory of color vision?

Red-green and blue-yellow channels Signup and view all the answers

What do infants as young as 2 days old appear capable of recognizing?

Their mother's face Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of face processing is highlighted by cross-cultural research?

East Asians and Western Caucasians use different eye movement strategies while scanning faces Signup and view all the answers

What does the Gestalt principle of continuity assert about perception?

We perceive points forming a smooth line as belonging to the same object Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most effective depth cues mentioned?

Retinal disparity Signup and view all the answers

According to the trichromatic theory, which colors correspond to the three types of cones?

Red, green, blue Signup and view all the answers

What objection did Gestalt psychologists have against structuralism?

It reduces human experience to basic parts, losing value Signup and view all the answers

What can correlations help identify regarding stressful life events and depression?

The strength and direction of the relationship Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best reflects the purpose of an experimental hypothesis?

To predict an outcome based on manipulated variables Signup and view all the answers

What role does the independent variable play in an experiment?

It is the variable that is manipulated Signup and view all the answers

Why are control groups used in experiments?

To evaluate the effects of the independent variable Signup and view all the answers

In experimental design, what is one key feature that distinguishes it from correlational methods?

Random assignment of participants Signup and view all the answers

What is typically the first step in designing an experiment?

Formulating a hypothesis Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the dependent variable from the independent variable?

Independent variable is manipulated, dependent is measured Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for a good experimental design?

Control of situational variables Signup and view all the answers

What term did Freud use to describe the difficulty in remembering traumatizing experiences?

Repression Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the predisposition for stuttering according to current research?

Combination of genetics and social-emotional influences Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'science' specifically refer to?

A method of systematic observation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'objectivity' mean in the context of scientific conclusions?

Conclusions based on factual evidence Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon describes collective misremembering among large groups of people?

Mandela effect Signup and view all the answers

Why is systematic observation preferred over hit-or-miss observation in psychology?

It considers a wider range of behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What type of factors influence memory and its conclusions as described in the content?

A combination of emotional, social, and biological factors Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason why people's immediate acquaintances are not sufficient for accurate psychological observations?

They are often biased and unscientific Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major roots of psychology as a discipline?

Philosophy and natural sciences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the thalamus in sensory processing?

It processes sensory information and forwards it to the cerebral cortex. Signup and view all the answers

According to British empiricists, how is knowledge acquired?

By observing the world Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Hermann von Helmholtz's studies of reaction time support?

The mind as a physical entity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following psychological disorders is associated with the basal ganglia?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Signup and view all the answers

What are the '4F' behaviors associated with the hypothalamus?

Feeding, fleeing, fighting, and fornication Signup and view all the answers

What did Aristotle contribute to the understanding of knowledge acquisition?

All knowledge is gained through sensory experience Signup and view all the answers

What did Gustav Fechner's work on sound intensity reveal?

There is a measurable threshold for perceiving sounds Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the hippocampus is damaged?

The ability to form new memories is impaired. Signup and view all the answers

In addition to its role in memory, what other function does the thalamus serve?

Participating in states of consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nature versus nurture, how do contemporary psychologists view the development of intelligence?

Intelligence results from a combination of genetics and experience Signup and view all the answers

What key insights did ancient physicians contribute to the field of psychology?

The brain is the origin of mental processes Signup and view all the answers

What role does the cingulate cortex play in emotional regulation?

It is involved in decision making and emotion. Signup and view all the answers

How does the hypothalamus carry out its regulatory tasks?

By directing the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system. Signup and view all the answers

What relationship did early philosophers and psychologists investigate regarding human behavior?

The balance between biological and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between the thalamus and the cortex?

The thalamus forwards sensory information to the cortex and vice versa. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Psychology Study Notes

Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour, mental processes, and brain functions.
Psychology's roots lie in philosophy and the natural sciences.
Early attempts to study the mind, such as introspection, proved unsatisfactory due to the subjectivity involved in self-observation.
Psychological scientists now use experiments and other systematic methods to measure and explain behaviour.
Psychology encompasses various perspectives, including biological, evolutionary, cognitive, developmental, social, and personality, as well as clinical psychology.
Key methods in psychology include descriptive methods, such as case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observations, correlational methods, and experimental methods.
The scientific method involves formulating hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions.
Replication of studies is crucial for verifying findings and building reliable knowledge.
Key concepts include:
- Consciousness
- Cognition
- Behaviour
- Neuroscience
- Nature vs. nurture
- Memory
- Learning
- Psychological disorders

Specific Psychology Areas (if applicable, provide the specific text to be summarized for more detailed notes)

If you provide specific areas, I can create more detailed notes (e.g., memory, learning, etc.)

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Description

This quiz explores key concepts in genetics and perception from a biological perspective, covering topics such as gene expression, chromosomes, and color vision theories. Test your knowledge on how these elements interact with environmental factors and human perception. Perfect for students studying biological sciences or preparing for exams.