Inherited Color Vision Anomalies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which type of defect is associated with outer retinal disease and media changes according to Köllner’s Rule?

Y-G defect

R-G defect

B-Y defect (correct)

R-B defect

What may help a clinician determine if an optic nerve or retinal disease is present prior to progression to a stage detectable by visual acuity or visual field tests?

Visual acuity test

Visual field test

Color perception test

Presence of a unilateral CV anomaly (correct)

Which type of defect is usually stable throughout a person's lifetime?

R-B defect

R-G defect

B-Y defect (correct)

Y-G defect

Which type of defect is more prevalent in males?

B-Y defect Signup and view all the answers

What type of defect affects both eyes equally?

Congenital defect Signup and view all the answers

Which type of defect may affect one eye or present with asymmetry?

Acquired defect Signup and view all the answers

In acquired defects, which type of defect is more common?

R-G defect Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of acquired defects with cones present but their function decreased or altered?

X-linked recessive gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the range of light wavelength that the human retina can perceive?

380nm to 700nm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vision is characterized by low levels of illumination and rod predominance?

Scotopic Vision Signup and view all the answers

Which photoreceptors are responsible for perceiving blue light?

S-Cones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of color vision testing in adults?

Early detection of an acquired CV anomaly, which may indicate ocular pathology Signup and view all the answers

Which test is NOT mentioned as one of the available tests for color vision testing?

Monochromatic plates Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vision is characterized by cone predominance and bright illumination necessary for sharp visual acuity and color discrimination?

Photopic Vision Signup and view all the answers

Which photoreceptors are responsible for perceiving red light?

L-Cones Signup and view all the answers

Which photopigment is mutated in deuteranomalous individuals?

Medium-wavelength (green) pigment Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of inherited color vision anomalies in males?

8% Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results in all colors appearing the same?

Monochromatism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of progressive conditions of inherited color vision anomalies?

Legal blindness (20/200 or worse) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of tritanomaly and tritanopia?

Difficulty discriminating between blue and green hues Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of dichromats?

Lack of one of the three photopigments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of cone dystrophy and cone-rod dystrophy?

Progressive conditions potentially leading to legal blindness Signup and view all the answers

Which test is the most effective for detecting a red-green color anomaly and providing a differential diagnosis?

Nagel Anomaloscope Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct illumination to be used if daylight illumination is not available for color vision tests?

Macbeth Illuminant C-Lamp Signup and view all the answers

Which test is commonly used by military service, educational, and vocational centers for screening color deficient persons?

Farnsworth D15 Test Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the American Optical Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) book?

To differentiate between red-green and blue-yellow anomalies Signup and view all the answers

In the Ishihara Procedure, how is color vision regarded if 10 or more plates are read normally?

Normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Pseudoisochromatic Plates test?

To provide a quick screening for color vision anomalies Signup and view all the answers

What should parents of inherited anomalous trichromats be told about their child's color vision?

Their child will have slightly greater trouble with discriminating between pastel shades or very dark tones Signup and view all the answers

Which test is an effective and expensive test to detect R-G color anomalies and provide a differential diagnosis?

Nagel Anomaloscope Signup and view all the answers

Which test is suitable for children, patients with disabilities, and non-communicative patients, consisting of simple objects and symbols?

Color Vision Testing Made Easy Signup and view all the answers

Which lighting should be used if daylight illumination is not available for performing color vision tests?

Macbeth Illuminant C-Lamp Signup and view all the answers

Which color vision test enables the diagnosis and severity scoring of color vision deficits, with specific procedures for scoring and counseling recommendations for parents of children with inherited anomalous trichromats?

Farnsworth D15 Test Signup and view all the answers

Which screening tool is specifically mentioned for screening R-G anomalies?

Ishihara, HRR, and Color Vision Testing Made Easy Signup and view all the answers

Which color vision test consists of a variety of color plates with different patterns and is used as a standard screening test?

Pseudoisochromatic plates Signup and view all the answers

Which color vision test differentiates between R-G and B-Y anomalies and is easily administered to children?

HRR Test Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inherited Color Vision Anomalies: Overview

Choroidal conditions are associated with B-Y anomalies, retinal conditions with R-G or B-Y anomalies, and optic nerve conditions with R-G anomalies.
Examples of conditions with an inherited component that may present with color vision loss include cone dystrophy, cone-rod dystrophy, achromatopsia, and Leber's congenital amaurosis.
Depending on the genetic mutation, conditions may be progressive or stationary, with progressive conditions potentially leading to legal blindness (20/200 or worse).
Normal color vision requires three primary colors to match any color stimulus: red, green, and blue, with all spectral hues matched by a mixture of these three primary colors.
Anomalous trichromats, categorized as protanomalous, deuteranomalous, or tritanomalous, have a decreased ability to see color or differences in color and match a given stimulus with different proportions of the three primary colors.
Protanomalous individuals have a mutated form of the long-wavelength (red) pigment, while deuteranomalous individuals have a mutated form of the medium-wavelength (green) pigment.
Dichromats, including protanopes and deuteranopes, lack one of the three photopigments, resulting in R-G stimuli appearing to be the same color.
Protanopia, which is rare, leads to an inability to distinguish between colors in the G-Y-R area of the spectrum and a reduced brightness of red, orange, and yellow.
Deuteranopia, affecting 1% of males, results in an inability to distinguish between colors in the G-Y-R area of the spectrum, with all purple colors appearing similar.
Tritanomaly and tritanopia, affecting the S cone, result in difficulty discriminating between blue and green hues, as well as red and yellow hues, with tritanopia being known as B-Y color blindness.
Monochromatism or achromatopsia, occurring in 1 in 1 million individuals, results in all colors appearing the same and the need for management mainly for symptom relief, such as filter glasses or contact lenses.
Inherited color vision anomalies are mainly X-linked, with a prevalence of 8% in males and 5% deuteranomalous, as well as a prevalence of 1 in 1,000,000 for achromatopsia. Testing for these anomalies includes the use of an anomaloscope, pseudoisochromatic plates, and dichotomous tests.

Color Vision Testing and Diagnosis

Protanomalous trichromats require more red, while deuteranomalous trichromats require more green.
Nagel Anomaloscope is an effective and expensive test to detect R-G color anomalies and provide a differential diagnosis.
Pseudoisochromatic plates are less expensive and provide quick screening for color vision anomalies.
Farnsworth D15 Test determines the type of color anomaly but is more expensive.
Pseudoisochromatic Plates are used as standard screening tests and consist of a variety of color plates with different patterns.
Ishihara, HRR, and Color Vision Testing Made Easy are screening tools for R-G anomalies.
The American Optical Hardy-Rand-Rittler (HRR) book differentiates between R-G and B-Y anomalies and is easily administered to children.
Tests should be performed under daylight illumination, and if not available, the correct illumination to be used is Macbeth Illuminant C-Lamp or daylight fluorescent tube lighting.
Farnsworth D15 Color Test is a short screening test consisting of 15 color samples, commonly used by military service, educational, and vocational centers.
Color Vision Testing Made Easy is suitable for children, patients with disabilities, and non-communicative patients, consisting of simple objects and symbols.
The Ishihara Procedure involves the patient wearing habitual or near correction and performing the test at 30 inches or 76cm with full room illumination.
The Farnsworth D15 Test and HRR Test enable the diagnosis and severity scoring of color vision deficits, with specific procedures for scoring and counseling recommendations for parents of children with inherited anomalous trichromats.

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Description

Test your knowledge of inherited color vision anomalies with this quiz. Explore the genetic mutations and conditions associated with color vision loss, including protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanomaly, and monochromatism. Learn about the prevalence, testing methods, and management options for these inherited conditions.