Biology Chapter 5: Cell Structures and Tissues

Electron Micrographs of Cellular Structures

• Images show various cell components at high magnification using electron microscopy
• Examples include mitochondrion, RER, Golgi Apparatus, centriole, nucleus, nucleolus, and chromatin

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

• A single layer of cube-shaped cells forms this tissue
• Found in glands and lining kidney tubules

Simple Columnar Epithelium

• A single layer of column-shaped cells
• Commonly found lining the digestive tract

Pseudostratified Columnar Ciliated Epithelium

• Appears layered but all cells touch the basement membrane
• Cilia and goblet cells are present, aiding in movement and secretion

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

• Multiple layers of flattened cells
• Found in areas needing protection from abrasion, such as the skin

Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium

• Outermost layer of stratified squamous tissue is composed of keratin
• Specialized for protection against wear and tear

Transitional Epithelium

• Cells change shape depending on the stretch state of the organ
• Seen in organs subject to expansion and contraction, like the urinary bladder

Loose Connective Tissue

• A flexible tissue with a network of fibers and cells
• Supports and connects other tissues

Macrophage EM

• Macrophages are a type of white blood cell involved in phagocytosis and immune response
• Electron micrograph shows the structural features of the cell

Plasma Cells EM

• Plasma cells are lymphocytes that produce antibodies.
• Their EM features reflect active protein synthesis

Mast Cells EM

• Mast cells are immune cells involved in allergic reactions
• Their EM characteristics are noted

Elastic Connective Tissue

• Tissue with elastic fibers for recoil and stretch
• Found in organs needed for expansion and contraction

Collagenous Connective Tissue

• Tissue with collagen fibers providing strength and support
• Present in tendons and ligaments

White Fat Sudan III

• A special stain highlighting fat droplets in white adipose tissue
• The stain shows fatty vesicles or vacuoles filled with triglycerides

Hyaline Cartilage

• A flexible cartilage with chondrocytes located in lacunae
• Shows structural characteristics of the tissue, including cells and matrix

Elastic Cartilage

• Cartilage with elastic fibers providing flexibility to the structure
• Features of elastic fibers are revealed clearly

Compact Bone

• Hard, dense tissue with Haversian canals for blood vessels and nerves
• Shows Haversian systems and Volkmann canals

Spongy Bone

• Light, porous bone supporting cancellous bone marrow
• Shows supporting framework

Blood Film

• A thin blood smear viewed under a microscope
• Used to identify blood cells' shape, size, and presence

Red Blood Cells

• Disc-shaped cells without nuclei in mammals
• Seen in various magnification (light microscope, EM) showing cell traits

Neutrophils

• Granulocytes in the blood involved in immune responses against bacterial infections
• Their structural components as seen using microscopy are highlighted

Eosinophils

• Granulocytes in the blood playing a role in immune responses to parasites and allergic reactions
• Features of eosinophils are shown

Basophils

• Granulocytes involved in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses
• Visual appearance of cells is denoted

Monocytes

• Macrophages that phagocytize pathogens.
• Shown at the light microscope magnification

Medium Sized Artery and Vein

• Detailed structure, including the tunica intima, media, and adventitia
• Differences between artery and vein are shown in image

Aorta

• Largest artery in the body, featuring multiple layers
• Image highlights the prominent layers in the aorta

Skeletal Muscle (LS)

• Long, cylindrical, striated muscle cells
• The macroscopic or light microscopic view shows fiber arrangements

Skeletal Muscle (EM)

• Detailed view of muscle structure showing sarcomeres, Z-lines, dark and light bands
• Microscopic features of the myofibrils

Skeletal Muscle (TS)

• Transverse section of skeletal muscle showcasing fascicles; bundles of muscle fibers
• Macroscopic appearance or light microscopic appearance is highlighted

Neuron

• Neuron is a nerve cell comprising axon, dendrites, and cell body
• The position and structure of these components in a nerve cell is noted

TS Nerve Trunk (osmic acid)

• Cross-section of a nerve trunk showing bundled nerve fibers, myelin, and Schwann cells

TS Spinal Cord

• The spinal cord has white and gray matter
• Highlights the areas of white and gray matter

Lymph Node

• Shows cortex and medulla
• Location of the components in the lymph node is identified

Thick Skin

• Thick skin includes keratin, epidermis, and dermis
• The different layers are detailed

Thin Skin

• Thin skin contains epidermis, dermis, and hair follicles
• Positions of the components are indicated

This quiz focuses on key concepts from Biology Chapter 5, particularly on cell structures and various types of tissues. Test your knowledge on protein synthesis, epithelial layers, connective tissue, muscle tissue, cartilage, and functions of specific cells. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of histology and cellular biology.