Animal Tissues and Structures Quiz

Animals' Specialized Structures

• Tissues originate from cell differentiation
• The human body contains over 200 differentiated cells
• Histology studies animal and plant tissues
• Four tissue types in animals: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Epithelial Tissues

• Epithelial tissue can be simple or stratified
• Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells
• Stratified epithelium has multiple cell layers
• Types of epithelium include squamous, cuboidal, and columnar

Connective Tissues

• Connective tissues feature an extracellular matrix
• The matrix can be solid (bone), soft (connective tissue), or liquid (blood)
• Connective tissue binds and supports other tissues
• Classified into connective tissue proper, supportive connective tissue, and fluid connective tissue

Connective Tissue Proper

• Examples: loose, dense, reticular, elastic, and adipose connective tissues
• Loose connective tissue, also known as areolar tissue, has a watery matrix with fibroblasts
• Dense connective tissue comprises closely packed collagen fibers with few cells
• Reticular connective tissue is composed of reticulocytes and reticular fibers, providing support to soft organs (e.g., spleen, lymph nodes, liver)
• Elastic connective tissue is highly elastic and contains elastic fibers and collagen fibers
• Adipose tissue is a type of connective tissue that stores fats

Supportive Connective Tissue

• Examples: cartilage and bones
• Cartilage contains chondrocytes in a strong, flexible matrix (chondrin)
• Bones are hardened connective tissue containing osteocytes in a matrix with collagen fibers and mineral deposits

Fluid Connective Tissue

• An example is blood
• Blood is a connective tissue with a liquid matrix (blood plasma)
• Blood cells include erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets)

Muscular Tissues

• Muscular tissues are responsible for movement
• Muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are found in these tissues
• Three main types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Skeletal Muscle

• Attached to bones via tendons
• Responsible for locomotion
• Voluntary control

Cardiac Muscle

• Located in heart walls
• Involuntary control
• Contractions cause the heart to beat and pump blood

Smooth Muscle

• Found in walls of organs (stomach, intestines, bladder, uterus, blood vessels)
• Involuntary control

Nervous Tissues

• Nervous tissue consists of nerve cells called neurons
• Neurons are found in the brain and spinal cord
• A neuron has three parts: dendrites, cell body, and axon

Neuron Parts

• Dendrites receive and transmit impulses to the cell body
• The cell body is a typical cell containing the nucleus and organelles
• The axon is a long fiber that transmits impulses away from the cell body to other neurons

Plant Specialized Structures

• Plants grow using vegetative organs, including roots, stems, and leaves
• Roots anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals
• Stems are the main axis, distributing photosynthesis products
• Leaves carry out photosynthesis, the process of food production

Plant Tissues

• Two main plant tissue types are meristematic and permanent

Meristematic Tissue

• Plant growth stems from meristems
• Meristems are made of embryonic cells called meristematic tissue
• They are responsible for rapid growth

Permanent Tissues

• Permanent tissues are divided into surface, fundamental, and vascular tissues
• Surface Tissues:
  • Examples: epidermis (leaf covering)
  • Their function is to cover and protect plant organs
• Fundamental Tissues:
  • Main bulk of plants
  • Examples: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
  • Parenchyma cells are large, thin-walled, and store food; also involved in cell division.
  • Collenchyma cells primarily provide support, with thicker cell walls than parenchyma.
  • Sclerenchyma cells have thick secondary cell walls reinforced by lignin, offering strong support.
• Vascular Tissues:
  • Conduct materials throughout the plant
  • Examples: xylem and phloem
  • Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
  • Phloem transports organic nutrients in both directions

Test your knowledge on the specialized structures in animal tissues, including the different types of epithelial and connective tissues. This quiz covers histology's role in understanding the various tissue types that make up the human body. Prepare to explore the intricacies of cellular differentiation and tissue classification!