Biology Chapter 4 Hydrocarbons Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

How do these hydrocarbons differ?

  • One is longer than the other (correct)
  • One is branched (correct)
  • One has a double bond (correct)
  • One has a ring structure (correct)

    • How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon A?

    3

    How many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon B?

    1

    L-Dopa is used to treat

    <p>Parkinson's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of effect does R-Dopa have on Parkinson's disease?

    <p>none</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These molecules are

    <p>structural isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These molecules are

    <p>geometric isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These molecules are

    <p>enantiomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do geometric isomers differ in?

    <p>how their atoms are arranged about a double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are enantiomers?

    <p>mirror images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do structural isomers differ in?

    <p>the covalent bond relationship among their atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    This pair of molecules are

    <p>not isomers because they have different molecular formulas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is an amino group?

    <p>Option A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a phosphate group?

    <p>Option B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a hydroxyl group?

    <p>Option D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is characteristic of alcohol?

    <p>hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group behaves as a base?

    <p>amino group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these groups is characteristic of thiols?

    <p>sulfhydryl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these groups plays a major role in energy transfer?

    <p>phosphate groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a carbonyl group?

    <p>carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is characteristic of ketones?

    <p>carbonyl group in the middle of a carbon skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the functional groups listed below behaves as an acid?

    <p>carboxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tetravalent mean?

    <p>able to form four bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is alcohol?

    <p>highly polar and may act as a weak acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carboxylic acid?

    <p>acts as an acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an aldehyde?

    <p>may be a structural isomer of a ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does thiol do?

    <p>forms disulfide bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an amine?

    <p>acts as a base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is organic phosphate?

    <p>contributes negative charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrocarbon Differences

    • Hydrocarbons can differ in structure, including length and branching.
    • Variations include hydrocarbons with double bonds and those with ring structures.

    Carbon and Hydrogen Bonds

    • A carbon atom can form up to four covalent bonds.
    • Three hydrogen atoms can be attached to one carbon (carbon a), while only one hydrogen atom can attach to another (carbon b).

    Medical Applications

    • L-dopa is utilized in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
    • R-dopa has no therapeutic effect on Parkinson's disease.

    Isomer Types

    • Molecules can be classified as structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers.
      • Structural isomers differ in covalent bond relationships among atoms.
      • Geometric isomers differ in atom arrangement around a double bond.
      • Enantiomers are mirror images of one another.

    Molecular Relationships

    • Molecules with different molecular formulas are not considered isomers.

    Functional Groups

    • Amino groups, phosphate groups, hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups are examples of functional groups with specific characteristics:
      • Hydroxyl groups are typical in alcohols and exhibit high polarity, potentially acting as weak acids.
      • Amino groups behave as bases, often picking up hydrogen ions due to nitrogen's electronegativity.
      • Thiols are characterized by sulfhydryl groups and can form disulfide bonds.
      • Carboxyl groups can act as acids by donating hydrogen ions.

    Energy Transfer and Structural Components

    • Phosphate groups play a crucial role in energy transfer within ATP.
    • Carbonyl groups are distinctive in ketones, with a carbonyl group located in the middle of the carbon skeleton.

    Chemical Definitions and Properties

    • Tetravalent refers to the ability of carbon to form four bonds.
    • Aldehydes can exist as structural isomers of ketones.
    • Organic phosphates contribute a negative charge in biochemical reactions.
    • Carboxylic acids function as acids due to their ability to donate hydrogen ions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on hydrocarbons with these flashcards from Biology Chapter 4. Each flashcard discusses the differences between various types of hydrocarbons based on their structure, including branching, length, double bonds, and ring structures. Perfect for a quick study session!

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