Questions and Answers
What are the two fat-based molecules that make up part of the structure of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipid, Cholesterol
What is the term that refers to small structures inside the cell, often referred to as 'little organs'?
Organelle
What is the movement of substances across a cell membrane using cell energy?
Active transport
What is the movement of substances across the cell membrane WITHOUT using cell energy?
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What term refers to the movement of fluids or dissolved molecules into the cell by trapping them in the plasma membrane?
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What are the two nucleic acids that are involved in transcription?
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What is the process in protein synthesis that uses the information in mRNA to build a protein molecule?
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What is the process that forms the mRNA molecule?
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What is the segment of base pairs in a chromosome?
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What is the total genetic information package in a cell?
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What are active transport mechanisms that move charged particles against their concentration gradient to concentrate them on one side of a plasma membrane?
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Which of the following is a form of passive transport? (Select all that apply)
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During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes move away from the center of the cell:
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During this stage of the cell cycle, the DNA in the nucleus replicates:
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During this stage of mitosis, the chromosomes align in the center of the cell:
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During this stage of mitosis, the chromatin condenses into chromosomes:
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During this stage of mitosis, the nuclear envelope and nuclei reappear:
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Study Notes
Plasma Membrane Structure
- Plasma membrane consists of phospholipids and cholesterol, which provide fluidity and stability.
Cell Organelles
- Organelles are small structures within a cell, often referred to as "little organs," that perform specific functions.
Cellular Transport
- Active Transport: Movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy (ATP).
- Passive Transport: Movement of substances across a cell membrane without using energy.
Endocytosis
- Pinocytosis is the process where fluids or dissolved molecules are engulfed by the plasma membrane.
Nucleic Acids in Transcription
- DNA and mRNA are the two nucleic acids involved in the process of transcription, which synthesizes mRNA from DNA.
Protein Synthesis
- Translation is the process of synthesizing protein molecules by decoding mRNA.
Gene Definition
- A gene is a segment of base pairs located within a chromosome that codes for specific traits.
Genetic Information
- The genome represents the complete set of genetic information contained within a cell.
Ion Transport Mechanisms
- Ion pumps are active transport mechanisms that move charged particles against their concentration gradient to achieve concentration differences across membranes.
Forms of Passive Transport
- Filtration, dialysis, and osmosis are all methods of passive transport, meaning they require no energy and facilitate the movement of substances.
Stages of Mitosis
- Anaphase: Chromosomes move away from the cell center.
- Interphase: DNA in the nucleus replicates in preparation for cell division.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the center of the cell.
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into distinguishable chromosomes.
- Telophase: The nuclear envelope and nucleoli reappear, indicating the end stages of mitosis.
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts from Chapter 3 of Biology, focusing on cell structure and function. Test your understanding of the plasma membrane, organelles, and cellular transport mechanisms. Perfect for reviewing before exams!
