Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?
Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when subjected to great mechanical stress?
Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane?
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Which of the following is not a factor that binds cells together?
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Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?
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The glycocalyx is often referred to as the 'cell coat,' which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane.
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What does 'isotonic fluid loss' mean?
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A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________.
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Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?
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If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen?
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Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?
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In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration.
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A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.
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Facilitated diffusion always requires a carrier protein.
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In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to about +50 millivolts.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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Which of the following is NOT a role of cell adhesion molecules?
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Which of the following statements is most correct regarding the intracellular chemical signals known as 'second messengers'?
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Why would a patient with paralyzed cilia be at increased risk for a respiratory infection?
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Site of synthesis of lipids and steroid molecules?
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Produces ATP aerobically?
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Site of enzymatic breakdown of phagocytized material?
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Forms the mitotic spindle?
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Package proteins for insertion in the cell membrane or exocytosis?
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Source of cell autolysis?
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Replicate for cell division?
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In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________.
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Which of these is an inclusion, not an organelle?
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Mitochondria ________.
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Ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus functionally act in sequence to synthesize and modify proteins for secretory use (export) only, never for use by the cell.
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Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin.
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Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material.
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There is only one cell type in the human body that has a flagellum.
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Study Notes
Plasma Membrane and Cell Junctions
- Plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell.
- Desmosomes are cell junctions that anchor cells and distribute mechanical stress, reducing tearing.
- Functions of plasma membrane proteins include molecular transport through the membrane.
Cell Membrane Composition
- Messenger RNA is not a constituent of the plasma membrane.
- Factors that bind cells include special membrane junctions and glycoproteins in the glycocalyx.
Fluid Mosaic Model
- The fluid mosaic model states that phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.
Isotonic Fluid Loss
- Isotonic fluid loss denotes that water and electrolytes are lost in equal proportions.
Effects of Solutions on Cells
- A red blood cell in pure water will swell and may burst.
- In a hypertonic solution, cells will lose water and shrink.
Transport Mechanisms
- The primary process for moving most macromolecules into cells is receptor-mediated endocytosis.
- Facilitated diffusion requires carrier proteins.
Resting Membrane Potential
- Body cells do not generally exhibit a resting membrane potential ranging from -50 to +50 millivolts.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is not involved in protein synthesis with ribosomes; its functions include lipid metabolism and steroid hormone synthesis.
Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Functions of cell adhesion molecules include anchoring cells but do not initiate muscle contraction signaling.
Second Messengers
- Second messengers, such as cyclic AMP and calcium, play significant roles in intracellular signaling.
Respiratory Risks
- Paralyzed cilia in respiratory cells increase the risk of infection by allowing mucus and pathogens to remain in the lungs.
Organelle Functions
- Lipid and steroid synthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum.
- Mitochondria produce ATP aerobically and contain their own DNA and RNA necessary for function.
- Lysosomes are involved in the enzymatic breakdown of materials and cell autolysis.
Cell Division and Structure
- Centrioles are responsible for forming the mitotic spindle and replicate during cell division.
Inclusions vs. Organelles
- Melanin is classified as an inclusion, whereas cilia, lysosomes, and microtubules are organelles.
Ribosomes, ER, and Golgi Apparatus
- The ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus work together to synthesize and modify proteins, including integral membrane proteins, for both export and internal use.
Contractile Proteins and Microfilaments
- Microfilaments are not merely made of myosin; they are composed of actin.
Extracellular Materials
- Interstitial fluid is a type of extracellular material that surrounds cells.
- There is only one human cell type (sperm) with a flagellum, confirming the uniqueness of this feature.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of Chapter 3 in Biology. This quiz covers the plasma membrane's structure and functions, as well as cellular junctions. Perfect for reviewing key vocabulary and definitions before your next exam.
