Plasma Membrane 3
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of cell junctions?

  • Allow for communication between neighboring cells (correct)
  • Decrease communication between cells and extracellular matrix
  • Facilitate movement of blood cells
  • Enhance stress on individual cells

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell junctions?

  • Control the paracellular transport
  • Build up the paracellular barrier of epithelia
  • Bond cells together
  • Enable cell movement (correct)

In what way do cell junctions contribute to reducing stress placed upon cells?

  • By allowing free movement of cells
  • By increasing cellular communication
  • By bonding cells together (correct)
  • By decreasing cellular adhesion

Which statement best describes the purpose of the paracellular barrier in epithelia?

<p>To regulate the passage of molecules between cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'ground substance' refer to in the context of cell junctions?

<p>The space between cells filled with fluid and proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are cell junctions particularly abundant in tissues?

<p>To maintain structural integrity and communication between cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is responsible for forming channel-like connections between cells?

<p>Gap junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tissue type are direct attachments between cells rare?

<p>Connective tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cell-matrix junctions in epithelial tissues?

<p>Anchoring cells to the basal lamina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction reinforces cell adhesion by linking the cytoskeletons of adjacent cells?

<p>Desmosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type bears most of the mechanical stress in the interstitial matrix?

<p>Connective tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell-matrix junction is responsible for connecting cells to the ECM via integrin proteins?

<p>Hemidesmosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules can pass through GAP JUNCTIONS from cell to cell?

<p>Ions and glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are GAP JUNCTIONS located in the body?

<p>Epithelial tissue, cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins bridge cell-matrix interactions in TUNNEL cell-matrix anchoring junctions?

<p>Integrins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What activates INTEGRINS in cell-matrix interactions?

<p>Binding to intracellular activator proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ACTIN-LINKED CELL-MATRIX JUNCTIONS or focal adhesions?

<p>Anchoring actin filaments in cells to the extracellular matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following functions can be influenced by INTEGRINS through intracellular signals?

<p>Migration and survival (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of tight junctions?

<p>Act as a diffusion barrier for macromolecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins make up tight junctions?

<p>Claudin and occludin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are tight junctions mostly located?

<p>At the apical location in epithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cell-cell anchoring junctions?

<p>Hold cells together under mechanical stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transmembrane adhesion proteins are involved in cell-cell anchoring junctions?

<p>Cadherins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cadherins in cell-cell anchoring junctions?

<p>Span the plasma membrane and link to the cytoskeleton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adherens junctions?

<p>Anchor actin filament bundles between cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are desmosomes primarily located?

<p>In tissues that experience stress or stretch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural difference between adherens junctions and desmosomes?

<p>Desmosomes connect intermediate filaments while adherens junctions connect actin filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of tissues would you expect to find adherens junctions predominantly?

<p>Epithelial and endothelial tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of desmosomes in tissues?

<p>Provide anchorage for intermediate filaments and withstand mechanical stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron micrograph shown in the text depicting?

<p>Desmosomes in the skin of a baby mouse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cell junctions in tissues?

<p>Provide structural support and connection between cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is responsible for building up the paracellular barrier in epithelial tissues?

<p>Tight junctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of tissues are cell junctions particularly abundant?

<p>Epithelial tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of integrins in cell-matrix interactions?

<p>Anchor cells to the extracellular matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with cell junctions?

<p>Enhancing genetic mutations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are desmosomes primarily located in tissues?

<p>Muscle tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do tight junctions contribute to reducing stress in tissues?

<p>By holding cells together in tissues subjected to mechanical stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the function of cadherins in cell-cell anchoring junctions?

<p>Establishing strong structural connections between adjacent cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are desmosomes primarily located in the body?

<p>Epidermis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of claudin and occludin in tight junctions?

<p>Form selective permeability barriers for paracellular transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of tissues would you expect to find adherens junctions predominantly?

<p>Heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes adherens junctions from desmosomes in terms of their structure?

<p>Presence of transmembrane adhesion proteins belonging to the cadherin family (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is responsible for forming direct attachments between cells?

<p>Adherens junctions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tissues would you expect to find HEIMDESMOSOMES predominantly?

<p>Epithelial tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is responsible for allowing small molecules and ions to pass between adjacent cells?

<p>Gap junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of cell-matrix anchoring junctions?

<p>Anchoring cells to the extracellular matrix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for producing the extracellular matrix in connective tissues?

<p>Fibroblasts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are tight junctions primarily located in the body?

<p>Epithelial tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the width of the gap in GAP JUNCTIONS that allows the passage of small hydrophilic molecules?

<p>4-6 nm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction anchors actin filaments in cells to the extracellular matrix?

<p>Focal Adhesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of INTEGRINS in cell-matrix interactions?

<p>Sense and respond to mechanical forces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type is NOT mentioned as containing GAP JUNCTIONS?

<p>Nervous Tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ACTIN-LINKED CELL-MATRIX JUNCTIONS primarily anchor in cells?

<p>Actin Filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of cell behavior can be influenced by INTEGRINS through intracellular signals?

<p><strong>Cell Migration</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of desmosomes in cell junctions?

<p>Provide anchorage site for cytoskeleton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are zonula adherens predominantly located within tissues?

<p>Endothelial tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell-cell junction is especially abundant in tissues subject to significant stretching or stress?

<p>Desmosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural difference between zonula adherens and desmosomes?

<p>Adhere to intermediate filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction provides mechanical strength to tissues that face a lot of stress or stretching?

<p>Desmosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of cell junctions?

<p>Anchor cells together and reduce stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with cell junctions?

<p>Promoting cell differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do cell junctions contribute to reducing stress placed upon cells?

<p>By anchoring cells together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the purpose of the paracellular barrier in epithelia?

<p>To prevent movement of large molecules between cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes adherens junctions from desmosomes?

<p>Their interaction with actin filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are gap junctions primarily located in tissues?

<p>Along lateral surfaces of cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of zonula adherens junctions?

<p>Guide the organization of developing tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are desmosomes primarily located?

<p>Skin tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction is structurally similar to adherens junctions but connects intermediate filaments instead of actin filaments?

<p>Desmosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of junctional complexes?

<p>Provide mechanical strength to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell junction is located more basal than tight junctions in epithelial and endothelial tissues?

<p>Adherens junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of adhesion belts or zonula adherens?

<p>Guide the organization of developing tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What proteins make up tight junctions?

<p>Claudin and occludin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are tight junctions mostly found in the body?

<p>Urinary bladder and respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of desmosomes in cell junctions?

<p>Anchor cells together and withstand mechanical stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue contains abundant anchoring junctions due to mechanical stress?

<p>Muscular tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of CADHERINS in cell-cell anchoring junctions?

<p>Transmit large forces between cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are adherens junctions predominantly located within tissues?

<p>At the basolateral region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of GAP JUNCTIONS?

<p>Allow the passage of small hydrophobic molecules between cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction anchors actin filaments in cells to the extracellular matrix?

<p>Adherens Junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function influenced by INTEGRINS through intracellular signals?

<p>Blood clotting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are focal adhesions primarily located?

<p>Connective tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction allows action potentials to spread rapidly from cell to cell?

<p>GAP JUNCTIONS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of TUNNEL CELL-MATRIX ANCHORING JUNCTIONS?

<p>Bridge cell-matrix interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are Lining of the intestines and epidermal covering of the skin primarily located?

<p>Bone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of GAP JUNCTIONS?

<p>Allowing small molecules and ions to pass between adjacent cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of junction is especially abundant in tissues subject to significant stretching or stress?

<p>Desmosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where would you NOT expect to find direct attachments between cells?

<p>Adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily anchors in ACTIN-LINKED CELL-MATRIX JUNCTIONS?

<p>Cytoplasmic domains of cell-adhesion proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissues have cell-matrix anchoring junctions like HEMIDESMOSOMES?

<p>Epithelial tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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