Biology Chapter 3 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What can polymers that contain sugars do? (Select all that apply)

Store hereditary information (correct)

Store energy (correct)

Protect cells (correct)

None of the above

What kind of bond can unmodified sugars form?

H covalently bound to the C of a C=O group.

What is the least that two molecules can differ, and still be called different kinds of sugars?

The orientation of an OH group differs.

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

How one of the -OH groups is oriented. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when glucose forms a ring?

The molecule loses its carbonyl group. Signup and view all the answers

What is a carbonyl group?

A carbon atom linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal fuel molecule in the human body?

Glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What can glucose be found in?

ATP, DNA, and starch. Signup and view all the answers

Is fructose a monosaccharide or a disaccharide?

Monosaccharide. Signup and view all the answers

What is maltose?

A disaccharide. Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

Glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the storage form of carbohydrates in plants?

Starch. Signup and view all the answers

What is a polysaccharide?

A carbohydrate polymer of many monosaccharides linked by dehydration reactions. Signup and view all the answers

Name three polysaccharides.

Cellulose, starch, and glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

How do animals store energy?

Glycogen. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disaccharide?

Sugar with two monosaccharides linked by a dehydration reaction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sugar found in milk?

Lactose. Signup and view all the answers

What is a monosaccharide?

A simple sugar with the formula multiple of CH2O. Signup and view all the answers

What is cellulose?

Polysaccharide. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant organic compound on earth?

Cellulose. Signup and view all the answers

Fatty acids are hydrophilic.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are peanuts?

Unsaturated fat. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates and Their Functions

Polymers containing sugars are crucial for storing hereditary information, energy, and providing cellular protection.
Glucose is the principal fuel molecule in the human body, found in ATP, DNA, and starch.

Sugar Structure and Variations

Unmodified sugars can have an H covalently bonded to the carbon of a carbonyl (C=O) group.
Sugars differ from one another based on the orientation of an -OH group.
The main difference between alpha and beta glucose lies in the orientation of one of the -OH groups.
When glucose forms a ring structure, it loses its carbonyl group.

Types of Sugars

Monosaccharides consist of simple sugars, which can be represented by the formula (CH2O)n.
Fructose is classified as a monosaccharide, while maltose is a disaccharide formed by linking two monosaccharides through dehydration.
Lactose is the disaccharide found in milk.

Polysaccharides and Their Storage Forms

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates made of many monosaccharides linked via dehydration reactions, including cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
Glycogen serves as the storage form of carbohydrates in animals, whereas starch is used by plants for energy storage.

Cellulose

Cellulose is a vital polysaccharide and holds the title of the most abundant organic compound on Earth.
It provides structural support in plant cell walls.

Lipid Properties

Fatty acids are characterized as hydrophobic, meaning they repel water.
Peanuts are classified as unsaturated fats, contributing beneficial properties to diet.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering essential concepts from Biology Chapter 3. Explore topics related to polymers and sugars that play crucial roles in heredity and energy storage. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of basic biological principles.