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Questions and Answers
Which of the following cell structures is not present in archaeal cells?
Which of the following cell structures is not present in archaeal cells?
- Ribosomes
- Cell wall
- Endospores (correct)
- Cytoplasm
Which of the following cell structures is responsible for the difference in size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
Which of the following cell structures is responsible for the difference in size between prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes?
- The structure of the cell membrane
- The presence of a nucleus
- The presence of a cell wall
- The composition of rRNA (correct)
What is the common characteristic shared by bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?
What is the common characteristic shared by bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?
- Presence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
- Presence of a nucleus
- Presence of a cytoplasmic membrane (correct)
- Presence of linear chromosomes
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Colchicine is a drug that inhibits microtubule formation. Which of the following cellular processes would be directly affected by colchicine?
Colchicine is a drug that inhibits microtubule formation. Which of the following cellular processes would be directly affected by colchicine?
Which type of transport utilizes a carrier protein to move a molecule across a membrane?
Which type of transport utilizes a carrier protein to move a molecule across a membrane?
Which of the following transport processes requires the cell to expend energy?
Which of the following transport processes requires the cell to expend energy?
What is a characteristic feature of group translocation?
What is a characteristic feature of group translocation?
What is the primary driving force for simple diffusion?
What is the primary driving force for simple diffusion?
Which of the following is an example of a substance transported by active transport?
Which of the following is an example of a substance transported by active transport?
Which type of solution causes a cell to shrink?
Which type of solution causes a cell to shrink?
What is the main function of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane?
What is the main function of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a process included in passive transport?
Which of the following is NOT a process included in passive transport?
Which characteristic of life is NOT associated with viruses?
Which characteristic of life is NOT associated with viruses?
What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the metabolism of viruses?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the metabolism of viruses?
What is one feature that is common to both bacteria and archaea?
What is one feature that is common to both bacteria and archaea?
Which statement best describes the growth of bacteria and archaea?
Which statement best describes the growth of bacteria and archaea?
Viruses exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Viruses exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Which of the following describes a feature that is unique to eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following describes a feature that is unique to eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of a bacterial capsule?
What is the primary function of a bacterial capsule?
Which component is NOT part of the flagella structure?
Which component is NOT part of the flagella structure?
In which scenario do bacteria exhibit tumbling movement?
In which scenario do bacteria exhibit tumbling movement?
What characteristic differentiates the slime layer from the capsule in glycocalyces?
What characteristic differentiates the slime layer from the capsule in glycocalyces?
What type of bacterial movement is facilitated by the rotation of flagella?
What type of bacterial movement is facilitated by the rotation of flagella?
What type of bacteria is known to possess axial filaments?
What type of bacteria is known to possess axial filaments?
Which feature is unique to bacteria regarding their flagella?
Which feature is unique to bacteria regarding their flagella?
Which of the following statements about the glycocalyces is false?
Which of the following statements about the glycocalyces is false?
What is the primary role of ribosomes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What is the primary role of ribosomes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
What structure allows bacteria to resist extreme conditions such as heat and radiation?
What structure allows bacteria to resist extreme conditions such as heat and radiation?
Which type of ribosome is found in eukaryotic cells?
Which type of ribosome is found in eukaryotic cells?
What is a key function of glycocalyces in archaea?
What is a key function of glycocalyces in archaea?
What differentiates archaeal cell walls from those of bacteria?
What differentiates archaeal cell walls from those of bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotes?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton in prokaryotes?
What are fimbriae and hami used for in archaea?
What are fimbriae and hami used for in archaea?
When do vegetative cells of bacteria typically transform into endospores?
When do vegetative cells of bacteria typically transform into endospores?
Which type of cell has a nucleus?
Which type of cell has a nucleus?
What types of organelles are present in all eukaryotic cells?
What types of organelles are present in all eukaryotic cells?
Which characteristic is unique to archaea?
Which characteristic is unique to archaea?
How do the flagella of eukaryotic cells differ from those of bacteria?
How do the flagella of eukaryotic cells differ from those of bacteria?
Which of the following statements about the glycocalyx is true?
Which of the following statements about the glycocalyx is true?
Which cell type does not have cilia?
Which cell type does not have cilia?
In which type of cell are fimbriae or pili found?
In which type of cell are fimbriae or pili found?
What structure is present in some archaeal cells but absent in eukaryotic and bacterial cells?
What structure is present in some archaeal cells but absent in eukaryotic and bacterial cells?
Flashcards
Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
A fundamental unit of life that lacks a true nucleus and internal membrane-bound organelles, typically smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
A complex cell with a defined nucleus and internal membrane-bound organelles, usually larger than prokaryotic cells.
Growth
Growth
The process by which organisms increase in size.
Reproduction
Reproduction
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Responsiveness
Responsiveness
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Metabolism
Metabolism
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Processes of Life
Processes of Life
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Virus Metabolism
Virus Metabolism
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Glycocalyx
Glycocalyx
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Capsule
Capsule
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Slime layer
Slime layer
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Flagella
Flagella
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Basal body
Basal body
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Amphitrichous
Amphitrichous
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Taxis
Taxis
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Run and Tumble
Run and Tumble
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Passive Transport
Passive Transport
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Group Translocation
Group Translocation
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Active Transport: ATP-dependent carrier proteins
Active Transport: ATP-dependent carrier proteins
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Group Translocation
Group Translocation
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Archaeal Cell Wall
Archaeal Cell Wall
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Bacterial Cell Wall
Bacterial Cell Wall
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Eukaryotic Cell Wall
Eukaryotic Cell Wall
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Colchicine
Colchicine
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Microtubules
Microtubules
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What is cytosol?
What is cytosol?
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What are inclusions in bacteria?
What are inclusions in bacteria?
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What are endospores?
What are endospores?
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What are ribosomes?
What are ribosomes?
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What is the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?
What is the prokaryotic cytoskeleton?
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What is a bacterial glycocalyx?
What is a bacterial glycocalyx?
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What are bacterial fimbriae?
What are bacterial fimbriae?
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What are archaeal hami?
What are archaeal hami?
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Nucleus
Nucleus
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Organelles
Organelles
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Cilia
Cilia
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Fimbriae or Pili
Fimbriae or Pili
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Hami
Hami
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"9 + 2" Arrangement of Microtubules
"9 + 2" Arrangement of Microtubules
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Study Notes
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
- This chapter discusses the structure and function of cells, focusing on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- The processes of life (growth, reproduction, responsiveness, and metabolism) are present in microbes (bacteria, archaea, and viruses) but differ in how they manifest in different types of microbes.
- Microbes can react to environmental stimuli and reproduce by cell division to grow in number.
- Bacteria and archaea have all the components for the processes of life. Viruses, however, rely on host cells.
- Eukaryotic cells contain internal membrane-bound organelles, which are absent in prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. In contrast, eukaryotic cells have a nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller (1.0µm in diameter or less) than eukaryotic cells (10-100µm in diameter).
- Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) lack a nucleus and make proteins simultaneously.
- Prokaryotic cells lack internal structures bound with phospholipid membranes, unlike eukaryotic cells.
- Glycocalyces (capsule and slime layer) are gelatinous, sticky substances surrounding bacterial cells. They are composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both and can protect bacteria from being recognized by the host.
- Flagella are long structures that extend beyond the cell surface responsible for movement in bacteria.
- The structure consists of filament, hook, and basal body.
- Flagella arrangements: monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, and peritrichous, and axial filaments (endoflagella)
- Fimbriae are sticky projections, shorter than flagella, used for attachment to surfaces and other cells.
- Pili are special types of fimbriae, longer, and assist in the transfer of DNA from one cell to another (conjugation).
- Cell walls provide shape, structure, and protect bacterial cells from osmotic forces.
- Cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, but Gram-positive cells have a relatively thick layer of peptidoglycan compared to Gram-negative cells. Gram-positive cell walls contain teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acids. Mycolic acid is contained in acid-fast bacteria, which helps with survival through desiccation. Gram-negative cell wall has a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer bilayer containing lipopolysaccharides (LPS). LPS can cause disease (fever, etc.).
- Some bacteria lack cell walls.
- Bacterial cytoplasmic membranes are phospholipid bilayers composed of lipids and associated proteins.
- The fluid mosaic model describes the structure.
- Function includes: controlling passage of substances into and out of the cell, harvesting light energy (in photosynthetic bacteria), selectively permeable, maintaining concentration and electrical gradients.
- Passive transport processes in bacterial cells include: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
- Active transport processes in bacterial cells include: active transport, and group translocation.
- The cytoplasm of bacteria contains cytosol (mostly water) and inclusions (reserve deposits of chemicals). Endospores are unique structures that some bacteria produce for defense against unfavorable conditions.
- Eukaryotic cells have nonmembranous organelles (like ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles, centrosome) and membranous organelles (like nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, and mitochondria, chloroplasts).
- Endosymbiotic theory explains how eukaryotic cells might have evolved from smaller prokaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic cells have glycocalyces that are not as organized as those in prokaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotes have specific cell walls made of polysaccharides (cellulose, chitin, and/or glucomannan).
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of cell structure and function in this quiz based on Chapter 3. Understand the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, their life processes, and how they interact with their environment. Test your knowledge on how these cells maintain metabolic activities and reproduce.
