Questions and Answers
Where in the testis does spermatogenesis occur?
Spermatogenesis takes place in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
Distinguish between sperm and semen.
Semen contains sperm and glandular secretions; sperm is the motile reproductive cell.
What structures of the male reproductive system contribute to the composition of semen?
The seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands.
Know the route of the sperm and semen as they travel through the male reproductive system and exit the body.
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What are the steps in spermatogenesis, and how long does it take?
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What are the parts of mature spermatozoa, and what is the function of each part?
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Describe the hormonal regulation of males from start to finish.
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Study Notes
Spermatogenesis Process
- Occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes and matures in the epididymis.
- Stem cells divide in a centripetal direction, moving from the outer wall to the lumen to create immature sperm.
- The entire process takes approximately ten weeks, or 72 days.
Sperm vs. Semen
- Sperm refers to the motile male reproductive cell.
- Semen is the fluid containing sperm and secretions from various glands, ejaculated during orgasm.
Composition of Semen
- Seminal Vesicle: Secretes a thick fluid rich in fructose, providing energy for sperm motility.
- Prostate Gland: Secretes a nourishing thin fluid for sperm.
- Bulbourethral Glands: Produce a clear, alkaline mucus to assist in sperm transport.
Pathway of Sperm and Semen
- Sperm travels from the epididymis to the vas deferens during ejaculation.
- The vas deferens merges with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
- The ejaculatory duct discharges sperm into the urethra, exiting through the penis.
Steps in Spermatogenesis
- Begins with mitotic division of spermatogonia (stem cells) in the seminiferous tubule.
- Primary spermatocytes undergo Meiosis I, resulting in two secondary spermatocytes with haploid numbers.
- Each haploid cell differentiates into mature sperm.
Structure of Mature Spermatozoa
- Head: Contains paternal genetic material and an acrosome with enzymes for fertilization.
- Midpiece (Neck): Packed with mitochondria to provide energy for movement.
- Flagellum: Composed of microtubules, essential for sperm motility.
Hormonal Regulation
- Hypothalamus releases FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary.
- FSH: Promotes sperm production in the testes.
- LH: Stimulates secretion of androgens, predominantly testosterone.
- Androgens support sperm production and help maintain homeostasis through a negative feedback loop, inhibiting further hormone release.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the process of spermatogenesis as described in Chapter 27 of your biology text. Understanding where spermatogenesis occurs within the male reproductive system, particularly in the testes and epididymis, is essential for mastering reproductive biology concepts. Test your knowledge with these flashcards!
