Biology Chapter 24 & 5 Review

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a primary tissue type? (Select one)

Connective

Bone (correct)

Muscle

Epithelium

Nervous

Which of the following statements is false about epithelial tissue? (Select one)

Epithelial tissue functions in absorption.

Epithelial cells can be cube or column shaped.

Epithelial cells do not secrete a ground substance.

Epithelial cells are typically arranged in layers.

Epithelial tissue is composed of cells and matrix. (correct)

An epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells in which all cells rest directly on the basement membrane is a ________ epithelium.

simple

Match each form of fluid imbalance to its description:

Hypotonic hydration = Total body water is elevated; ECF becomes hypotonic. Volume excess = Total body water is elevated; ECF remains isotonic. Hypovolemia = Total body water is reduced; ECF remains isotonic. Dehydration = Total body water is reduced; ECF becomes hypertonic. Signup and view all the answers

A buffer can be generally defined as a mechanism that does which of the following? (Select one)

Resists changes in pH Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage is best described as which of the following?

Relatively stiff connective tissue with a rubbery matrix Signup and view all the answers

What are the two broad classes of glands?

Endocrine and exocrine Signup and view all the answers

The extracellular fluid compartment includes what fluids?

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Tissues whose cells are most susceptible to stimuli that change the membrane potential are called __________.

excitable tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues can be described as excitable because they are able to respond to outside stimuli by changing their membrane potential?

Nervous and muscular Signup and view all the answers

During childhood, the liver increases in size as hepatocytes undergo cell division, resulting in a greater number of overall liver cells. This is an example of which of the following?

Hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

Describe Dense Irregular Connective Tissue.

Found in the deeper layer of the skin; resists tensile forces from several directions. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Dense Regular Connective Tissue.

Resists tensile forces from one direction; main tissue found in the tendons that help muscles attach to bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is Compact Bone?

Site of calcium and phosphorus storage; concentric lamellae; provides a protective enclosure for viscera. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two broad categories of fibrous connective tissue based on their relative abundance of fibers?

Loose connective and dense connective Signup and view all the answers

Describe Hyperplasia.

Cells grow in numbers; achieved via cell division (mitosis); most childhood tissues grow this way. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Hypertrophy.

Cells grow in size; muscle tissue grows this way; adipose tissue grows this way. Signup and view all the answers

What is Neoplasia?

Tumor cells; abnormal, non-functioning tissue. Signup and view all the answers

A tissue found at surfaces, composed of one or more layers of closely adhering cells, is called __________ tissue.

Epithelia Signup and view all the answers

Cutaneous, mucous, and serous are terms that refer to which of the following?

Epithelial tissues Signup and view all the answers

Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of cells is called __________.

stratified Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stratified epithelia is the most widespread in the body? (Select one)

Stratified squamous Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to maintain pH within normal limits?

Slight deviations from normal pH can alter structure and function of macromolecules, and slight deviations from normal pH can shut down metabolic pathways. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Tissue Types

Primary tissue types include muscle, nervous, epithelium, and connective, with bone classified as a subset of connective tissue.
Epithelial tissue is predominantly composed of cells, not matrices, which are arranged in layers for functions like absorption.

Epithelial Characteristics

Simple epithelium contains a single layer of cells resting on a basement membrane.
Epithelial cells can exhibit various shapes: cuboidal, columnar, and squamous.
They do not secrete a ground substance; instead, they primarily consist of closely packed cells.

Fluid Imbalance

Hypotonic hydration: total body water elevated, ECF remains hypotonic.
Volume excess: total body water elevated, ECF remains isotonic.
Hypovolemia: total body water reduced, ECF stays isotonic.
Dehydration: total body water reduced, ECF becomes hypertonic.

Buffers and pH

Buffers are mechanisms that resist changes in pH, important for maintaining physiological balance.

Connective Tissues

Cartilage is a relatively stiff connective tissue characterized by a rubbery matrix.
Connective tissues are categorized into two broad classes: fibrous (loose and dense) and specialized (like cartilage and bone).

Extracellular Fluid

Extracellular fluid compartments encompass various fluids but require specific identification.

Excitable Tissues

Tissues responding to stimuli by altering membrane potential are classified as excitable tissues, mainly encompassing nervous and muscular tissues.

Cell Growth Types

Hyperplasia: increase in cell numbers via mitosis, common in childhood development.
Hypertrophy: increase in cell size, prevalent in muscle and adipose tissues.
Neoplasia: formation of tumors with abnormal, non-functional cells.

Epithelial Tissue Types

Epithelia are surfaces composed of layers of densely packed cells.
Cutaneous, mucous, and serous refer to different types of epithelial tissues, each with distinct functions and locations.
Stratified epithelium has multiple layers, with stratified squamous epithelium being the most widespread type.

Importance of pH Regulation

Maintaining pH within normal limits is crucial, as deviations can disrupt macromolecule structure and function, potentially halting metabolic processes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on primary tissue types with this review of Chapter 24 and 5. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of epithelial tissue and its functions. Identify misconceptions and strengthen your grasp on key concepts.