Questions and Answers
An atom with a mass number of 18 that contains 10 neutrons would have an atomic number of ______.
8
Matter exists in three forms: What are they?
Solid, Liquid, Gas
The building blocks of carbohydrates are the monomers _____ while the building blocks of proteins are the monomers ______.
monosaccharides, amino acids
The elements that compose most of the body's mass are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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Ionic bonds are created when atoms share electrons in the valence shell.
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Human blood has a normal pH between 7.35 and 7.45 and is considered slightly alkaline.
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Which of the following would be considered a compound?
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The monosaccharides glucose and fructose combine to form the disaccharide sucrose by a process known as?
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Which of the following is not a function of proteins?
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Which of the following organic compounds are classified as lipids?
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A compound dissociates in water and forms cations other than H+ and anions other than OH-. This substance most likely is a ________.
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Which of the following statements regarding ATP are true?
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During the course of analyzing an unknown chemical, a chemist determines that the chemical is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion of 1 carbon to 2 hydrogens to 1 oxygen. The chemical is probably a__________.
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom with a mass number of 18 and 10 neutrons has an atomic number of 8, indicating it has 8 protons.
States of Matter
- Matter exists in three primary forms: solid, liquid, and gas.
Building Blocks of Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates are built from monosaccharides.
- Proteins are constructed from amino acids.
Major Elements in the Body
- The majority of the body's mass consists of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Ionic Bonds
- Ionic bonds are not formed by the sharing of electrons in the valence shell.
pH of Human Blood
- Human blood maintains a normal pH between 7.35 and 7.45, which is slightly alkaline.
Compounds
- Compounds include substances like C6H12O6 (glucose) and CH4 (methane). Pure elements like O2 and Fe are not considered compounds.
Dehydration Synthesis
- The process of forming the disaccharide sucrose from glucose and fructose is called dehydration synthesis.
Functions of Proteins
- Proteins do not store energy; their main functions include providing structural support, facilitating contraction, transporting materials, and regulating physiological processes.
Classification of Lipids
- Organic compounds classified as lipids include triglycerides, steroids, and eicosanoids, while polysaccharides and enzymes do not fall under this category.
Dissociation in Water
- A compound that dissociates in water to form cations (other than H+) and anions (other than OH-) is identified as a salt.
ATP Energy
- ATP serves as the energy currency of cells.
- Its hydrolysis provides energy necessary for cellular processes.
- Energy is required for ATP production, which can occur through both aerobic and anaerobic pathways.
- The production of ATP does not relate to the law of conservation of energy; this law describes the transformation of energy rather than its creation.
Identifying Monosaccharides
- A chemical composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio is likely to be a monosaccharide.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on the fundamentals of biology covered in Chapter 2. From atomic structure to the building blocks of matter, this quiz will help reinforce essential concepts. Perfect for students preparing for exams or anyone interested in biology basics.
