Biology Chapter 2-4: Cells and Osmosis
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

  • Protein synthesis (correct)
  • Energy production
  • Cell division
  • DNA replication

Which cellular structure is primarily responsible for maintaining the cell's shape and providing protection?

  • Cell wall (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Ribosomes
  • Cell membrane

What pigment is found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy?

  • Carotene
  • Chlorophyll (correct)
  • Hemoglobin
  • Melanin

What is the main purpose of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>Aerobic respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type possesses a capsule surrounding its cell wall?

<p>Bacterial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about viruses?

<p>They consist of nucleic acid and a protein coat. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does ATP play in cellular processes?

<p>It supplies energy for cellular activities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell called?

<p>Cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of a cell?

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are found in a typical eukaryotic cell?

<p>Cytoplasm and ribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cell membrane?

<p>Regulating substance entry and exit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these organelles is primarily involved in energy production?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is defined as the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

<p>Osmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm?

<p>A jelly-like fluid within the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call a group of similar cells working together?

<p>Tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell lacks a true nucleus?

<p>Prokaryotic cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

<p>Releasing energy from glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the nucleus play in a cell?

<p>It contains DNA organized in chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of osmosis, what happens when mango slices are placed in water?

<p>Water moves into the mango tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a vacuole primarily function as in a cell?

<p>A fluid-filled space for storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes cytoplasm in a cell?

<p>It is a jelly-like substance that supports cellular components (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly explains osmosis?

<p>Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural component separates the vacuole from the cytoplasm?

<p>Vacuolar membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cell is responsible for energy release during respiration?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chloroplast function

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Mitochondria function

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration, producing ATP for cellular energy.

Ribosomes function

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.

Virus reproduction

Viruses require host cell's energy (ATP) to reproduce.

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Cell Membrane

Thin layer that surrounds a cell and controls what enters and exits.

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Ribosomes

Small structures in animal and plant cells that build proteins.

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Cell Wall

Tough outer layer found in plant, fungi and bacteria cells, protecting them.

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Endosymbiotic Theory

Larger cell may have provided protection to smaller cells for glucose and energy in exchange.

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What is the function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are organelles responsible for aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down to release energy in the form of ATP.

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What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing DNA in the form of chromosomes. It directs the cell's activities and carries genetic information.

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What is cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell, providing a medium for organelles to operate and chemical reactions to occur.

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What is a vacuole?

A vacuole is a fluid-filled sac within a cell, separated by a membrane, storing water, nutrients, and waste products.

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What is osmosis?

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water potential to a region of low water potential.

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What happens to mango slices in water?

Mango slices swell up in water because the water potential outside the mango is higher than inside. Water moves from the high potential (water) to the lower potential (mango) by osmosis.

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Water potential

Water potential is the tendency of water to move from one area to another. Higher water potential means more free water molecules.

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Semi-permeable membrane

A membrane that allows certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. It is selective in what it lets through.

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Living things

Organisms that show all characteristics of life, including:

  • Movement
  • Respiration
  • Sensitivity
  • Growth
  • Reproduction
  • Excretion
  • Nutrition
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Cytoplasm

A jelly-like substance found inside a cell where chemical reactions occur. It's the workspace of the cell.

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Organelle

A specialized part within a cell that performs a specific function, like a mini-organ working together to keep the cell alive. Examples: nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast.

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What is a cell's function?

A cell is the basic unit of life, performing essential functions like taking in nutrients, releasing waste, and producing energy to function.

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Red blood cell

A type of cell that carries oxygen throughout the body. It's a specialized cell found in the blood.

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Organ System

A group of organs working together to carry out a more complex function, like the circulatory system, which transports blood around the body.

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What is an organ?

A group of different tissues working together to perform a particular function, like the heart, which pumps blood.

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Study Notes

Chapter 2.2: Cells

  • Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy.
  • Mitochondria are sites of aerobic respiration, creating ATP for cell energy. A larger cell may have protected a smaller one, exchanging glucose (and energy).
  • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and a protein coat, the coat being manufactured by host cell ribosomes.
  • Viral reproduction requires ATP, which is created within the host cell's mitochondria.
  • Bacterial cells have a cell wall and a capsule layer outside it.

Chapter 3

  • Osmosis in mangoes: Mango slices swell in water because water potential in the water is higher than in the mango's tissue. Water moves into the mango, through osmosis.
  • Osmosis in warm water: Mango slices swell faster in warm water due to the higher kinetic energy of water molecules.

Chapter 4

  • Diffusion vs. osmosis vs. active transport: A table outlining the key differences between these processes. Factors like random movement, partially permeable membranes, concentration gradients are discussed. A partially permeable membrane is necessary for osmosis.

  • Diagram analysis: Describe a diagram of cell processes.

  • Starch is an energy storage molecule in plants. Glucose is used in respiration in plants and animals.

  • Benedict's solution tests: Benedict's solution is added to a sample, heated to at least 80°C (using a water bath). Safety goggles/glasses are essential.

  • Lipase activity: Lipase in a test tube digests milk lipids into fatty acids and glycerol (test-tube A in a diagram).

Additional Information

  • Enzyme activity and temperature: Enzymes have optimum temperatures for activity, commonly between 30 and 40°C. Above 50°C, proteins (including enzymes) may denature.

  • Factors affecting enzyme activity: include, but are not limited to amount of substrate, temperature, and pH, potentially affecting the rate of the chemical reaction.

  • Cellular processes (list):

    • Reproduction
    • Sensitivity
    • Nutrition
    • Cytoplasm
    • Cell membrane

  • Multiple Choice Questions: Answers to multiple choice questions about various cell functions and structures. The correct answers are provided for any multiple-choice questions.

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Worksheet Answer Key - Cells & Biology - PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Chapters 2 to 4 in biology, focusing on cellular structures like chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, and their functions. Additionally, explore osmosis and diffusion through practical examples, including mango slices. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.

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