Podcast
Questions and Answers
The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is _______________.
The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is _______________.
taxonomy
Solely from its name, you know the Rhizopus nigrians must be _______________.
Solely from its name, you know the Rhizopus nigrians must be _______________.
in the genus Rhizopus
A useful classification system does NOT ____________.
A useful classification system does NOT ____________.
use different scientific names for the same organisms
In classifying organisms, orders are grouped together into _________________.
In classifying organisms, orders are grouped together into _________________.
The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the ____________________.
The largest and most inclusive of Linnaeus's taxonomic categories is the ____________________.
Which of the following shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?
Which of the following shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms?
A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a ______________.
A unique trait that is used to construct a cladogram is called a ______________.
The three domains are:
The three domains are:
A kingdom that includes only heterotrophs is:
A kingdom that includes only heterotrophs is:
Why do biologists assign each organism a universally accepted name?
Why do biologists assign each organism a universally accepted name?
What criteria are used to classify an organism?
What criteria are used to classify an organism?
What features of binomial nomenclature make it useful for scientists of all nations?
What features of binomial nomenclature make it useful for scientists of all nations?
Sequence Linnaeus's seven taxonomic categories from smallest to largest.
Sequence Linnaeus's seven taxonomic categories from smallest to largest.
Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.
Explain the goal of evolutionary classification.
What is a derived character? Give an example of a derived character.
What is a derived character? Give an example of a derived character.
How is a cladogram used in classification?
How is a cladogram used in classification?
How do biologists use DNA and RNA to help classify organisms?
How do biologists use DNA and RNA to help classify organisms?
What is phylogeny?
What is phylogeny?
Describe how a molecular clock is used to estimate the length of time that two related species have been evolving independently.
Describe how a molecular clock is used to estimate the length of time that two related species have been evolving independently.
How do domains and kingdoms differ?
How do domains and kingdoms differ?
What characteristics are used to place an organism in the domain Bacteria?
What characteristics are used to place an organism in the domain Bacteria?
What domain consists of prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan?
What domain consists of prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan?
Describe the four kingdoms that comprise the domain Eukarya.
Describe the four kingdoms that comprise the domain Eukarya.
What characteristic(s) differentiate the kingdom Animalia from the kingdom Plantae?
What characteristic(s) differentiate the kingdom Animalia from the kingdom Plantae?
Study Notes
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the science specializing in classifying organisms.
- The naming convention "Rhizopus nigrians" indicates it belongs to the genus Rhizopus.
- A useful classification system should show relationships but not use different scientific names for the same organism.
- Orders are classified into broader categories known as classes.
- The largest taxonomic category in Linnaeus's system is the kingdom.
Evolutionary Relationships
- A cladogram visually represents evolutionary relationships among organisms.
- Derived characters are traits unique to certain lineages and help in constructing cladograms.
- The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
- The Fungi kingdom consists solely of heterotrophic organisms.
Binomial Nomenclature
- Biologists use universally accepted names to maintain consistency and reduce confusion in classification.
- Classification criteria include evolutionary relationships and structural similarities.
- Binomial nomenclature provides each species with a unique name, aiding global communication among scientists.
Linnaeus's Taxonomic Hierarchy
- Taxonomic hierarchy from smallest to largest is: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom.
Evolutionary Goals and Characteristics
- The goal of evolutionary classification is to group organisms based on evolutionary history rather than just physical traits.
- A molecular clock estimates evolutionary time between species through genetic mutations.
DNA and RNA in Classification
- Similar DNA and RNA sequences among organisms indicate closer evolutionary relationships.
- Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.
Domains and Kingdoms
- Domains are broader and more inclusive than kingdoms.
- Characteristics of the Bacteria domain include being unicellular and prokaryotic with peptidoglycan in cell walls.
- Archaea consists of prokaryotes lacking peptidoglycan.
Eukarya Domain
- The domain Eukarya includes four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- The Animalia kingdom is differentiated from Plantae by being heterotrophic, lacking cell walls, and having motility.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge with this review on Chapter 18 of Biology, focusing on classification and taxonomy. Use these flashcards to solidify your understanding of key concepts and definitions related to organisms and their classifications.
