Questions and Answers
What is the science of classifying living things called?
Taxonomy
As we move through the biological hierarchy from the kingdom to species level, organisms become more...
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Which scientist developed the system of classifying organisms by assigning them a genus and species name?
Linnaeus
The organism Homo sapien is a member of what genus?
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What is the species identifier for Quercus phellos?
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What is the scientific name of the red maple?
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Is the scientific name of an organism the same for scientists all over the world?
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An organism can have how many genus and species names?
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In which language are scientific names written?
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What is the correct order of the biological hierarchy from kingdom to species?
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What information is used in systematic taxonomy to classify organisms?
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A branching diagram used in taxonomy is called a...
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Each particular feature used to assign an organism to a group is called a(n)...
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Nearly all single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom...
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Most multicellular autotrophs that have a nucleus and carry on photosynthesis belong to the kingdom...
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An organism that breaks down organic matter, which it then absorbs, is in the kingdom...
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The kingdom defined as including any eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi is the kingdom...
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What are two groups of organisms that are placed together by cladistics but are placed in separate groups by classical taxonomy?
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Linnaeus's two-word system for naming organisms is called...
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The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a...
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Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called...
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During Linnaeus' time, scientists divided all living organisms into how many kingdoms?
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The kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called...
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Four of the kingdoms including eukaryotes and the other two include...
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What are the characteristics used to differentiate kingdoms?
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Protista is an example of which taxa?
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Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
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List the kingdoms that are eukaryotes.
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Biologists of Linnaeus's time classified every living thing as either plant or...
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Each kind of organism on Earth is assigned a unique two-word...
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The first word of a scientific name indicates the ____ to which the organism belongs.
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Cladistics uses shared and ___ characters to group taxa.
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All living things are grouped into one of three...
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Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and ____ to classify organisms.
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Two kingdoms include prokaryotes, while four kingdoms include ____
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Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called...
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The evolutionary history of a species is called...
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Study Notes
Taxonomy and Classification
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying living organisms.
- Organisms become more similar as you move from kingdom to species in the biological hierarchy.
- Carl Linnaeus developed the system of naming organisms using a genus and species.
Scientific Naming
- The scientific name of Homo sapiens is derived from the genus Homo.
- Quercus phellos has the species identifier "phellos".
- The scientific name of the red maple is Acer rubrum; scientific names are universally written in Latin.
Biological Hierarchy
- The correct order of biological hierarchy is: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
- Each organism has one genus name and one species identifier.
Classification Methods
- Systematic taxonomy utilizes RNA and DNA, fossil evidence, and evolutionary relationships for classification.
- Cladograms visually represent evolutionary relationships among organisms, showcasing derived characters.
Kingdoms of Life
- Single-celled eukaryotes that are either heterotrophic or photosynthetic belong to the kingdom Protista.
- Multicellular autotrophs with nuclei that conduct photosynthesis are classified in the kingdom Plantae.
- Organisms that decompose organic matter belong to the kingdom Fungi.
- Protists encompass any eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi.
Evolutionary Relationships
- Cladistics places birds and crocodiles (reptiles) together based on evolutionary lineage, contrary to classical taxonomy.
- Analogous characters are similar features evolved through convergent evolution.
Historical Classification
- Linnaeus originally classified all living organisms into two kingdoms: plant and animal.
- The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were previously grouped under the now-defunct kingdom Monera.
Characteristics of Organisms
- Kingdoms are differentiated using characteristics such as cell type, nutrition, and body type.
- Protista and Fungi contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Eukaryotic Kingdoms
- The kingdoms comprising eukaryotes are: Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, and Protista.
- Eukaryotes that do not fit into fungi, plants, or animals are categorized as protists.
Naming Conventions
- Each organism receives a unique two-word scientific name, with the first word indicating its genus.
- Cladistics classifies taxa based on shared and derived characteristics.
Domains and Classification
- All living organisms are grouped into three domains.
- Traditional classification has been based on structural differences and appearance.
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Description
Test your knowledge with this study guide on biological classification from Chapter 18. Review key terms such as taxonomy, biological hierarchy, and the contributions of scientist Linnaeus. Perfect for preparing for your upcoming examination.
