Questions and Answers
What is the system known as that assigns every organism a universally accepted name?
Based on their names, the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same...
species
Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class...
Mammalia
What is a derived character in biological classification?
Signup and view all the answers
What do all organisms have in common?
Signup and view all the answers
Which technique can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate they are related?
Signup and view all the answers
What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?
Signup and view all the answers
In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of...
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following can be determined by interpreting a cladogram?
Signup and view all the answers
Why have most scientists changed their method of classification?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the six kingdoms correspond to the domain Eukarya?
Signup and view all the answers
Fungi are different from plants primarily because they...
Signup and view all the answers
In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should...
Signup and view all the answers
In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a...
Signup and view all the answers
What does each node on a cladogram represent?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an advantage of the classification system shown in the diagram that depicts evolutionary descent?
Signup and view all the answers
Based on the diagram, which of these characteristics did the common ancestor of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes have?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following characteristics do mosses and ferns share?
Signup and view all the answers
Into what kingdom would you classify an organism that reproduces asexually by budding, has no cell walls, and obtains energy by eating other organisms?
Signup and view all the answers
What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is taxonomy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is one of the goals of systematics?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do common names of organisms often cause problems for scientists?
Signup and view all the answers
In the scientific name Acer saccharum, what does the second part, saccharum, designate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which choice lists the levels of the Linnaean system of classification from smallest to largest?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Classification System
- Scientists use binomial nomenclature to assign universally accepted names to organisms.
- Baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus belong to different species.
Mammalia Characteristics
- Mammals are warm-blooded, possess body hair, and produce milk for their young.
- The presence of hair is a derived character unique to mammals.
Genetic Information
- All organisms utilize DNA for passing genetic information.
- Cladistic analysis allows scientists to determine relationships among species based on DNA similarities.
Evolutionary Relationships
- The three domains of life diverged from a common ancestor prior to the major evolution of eukaryotes.
- In heterotrophs, life process energy derives from chemical energy in organic compounds.
Cladograms and Classification
- Cladograms illustrate derived characters that distinguish species.
- Most scientists favor DNA-based classification methods as they reveal deeper evolutionary relationships than visible traits.
Kingdoms and Domains
- Four kingdoms under the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- Fungi differ from plants by being heterotrophic rather than autotrophic.
Taxonomical Hierarchy
- Species within a genus are more closely related than those in different genera.
- Derived characters are traits originating from an ancestor and passed to descendants.
Nodes and Evolutionary Descent
- Each node in a cladogram marks the last common ancestor shared by two groups.
- Cladograms provide clear visual representations of evolutionary descent, unlike the traditional Linnaean system.
Organism Characteristics
- Common ancestors of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes had true bone.
- Mosses and ferns both share the feature of having embryos.
Classification Examples
- A multicellular organism living in water that reproduces asexually, lacks cell walls, and is heterotrophic is classified under Animalia.
- Eukaryotes are distinguished by the presence of a nucleus.
Taxonomy and Systematics
- Taxonomy is the classification of organisms based on shared traits.
- Systematics aims to organize living organisms into biologically meaningful groups.
Common Names and Scientific Nomenclature
- Common names can lead to confusion across different regions and languages.
- In the scientific name Acer saccharum, 'saccharum' indicates the species.
Linnaean Classification System
- The Linnaean classification hierarchy from smallest to largest is: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of biological classification with this quiz based on Chapter 18. Explore key concepts such as binomial nomenclature and the classification of species. Perfect for biology students wanting to reinforce their learning.