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What is the system known as that assigns every organism a universally accepted name?
What is the system known as that assigns every organism a universally accepted name?
- Cladistics
- Hierarchical classification
- Binomial nomenclature (correct)
- Taxonomy
Based on their names, the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same...
Based on their names, the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same...
species
Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class...
Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class...
Mammalia
What is a derived character in biological classification?
What is a derived character in biological classification?
What do all organisms have in common?
What do all organisms have in common?
Which technique can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate they are related?
Which technique can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate they are related?
What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?
What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?
In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of...
In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of...
Which of the following can be determined by interpreting a cladogram?
Which of the following can be determined by interpreting a cladogram?
Why have most scientists changed their method of classification?
Why have most scientists changed their method of classification?
Which of the six kingdoms correspond to the domain Eukarya?
Which of the six kingdoms correspond to the domain Eukarya?
Fungi are different from plants primarily because they...
Fungi are different from plants primarily because they...
In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should...
In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should...
In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a...
In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a...
What does each node on a cladogram represent?
What does each node on a cladogram represent?
What is an advantage of the classification system shown in the diagram that depicts evolutionary descent?
What is an advantage of the classification system shown in the diagram that depicts evolutionary descent?
Based on the diagram, which of these characteristics did the common ancestor of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes have?
Based on the diagram, which of these characteristics did the common ancestor of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes have?
Which of the following characteristics do mosses and ferns share?
Which of the following characteristics do mosses and ferns share?
Into what kingdom would you classify an organism that reproduces asexually by budding, has no cell walls, and obtains energy by eating other organisms?
Into what kingdom would you classify an organism that reproduces asexually by budding, has no cell walls, and obtains energy by eating other organisms?
What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes?
What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes?
What is taxonomy?
What is taxonomy?
Which of the following is one of the goals of systematics?
Which of the following is one of the goals of systematics?
Why do common names of organisms often cause problems for scientists?
Why do common names of organisms often cause problems for scientists?
In the scientific name Acer saccharum, what does the second part, saccharum, designate?
In the scientific name Acer saccharum, what does the second part, saccharum, designate?
Which choice lists the levels of the Linnaean system of classification from smallest to largest?
Which choice lists the levels of the Linnaean system of classification from smallest to largest?
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Study Notes
Classification System
- Scientists use binomial nomenclature to assign universally accepted names to organisms.
- Baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus belong to different species.
Mammalia Characteristics
- Mammals are warm-blooded, possess body hair, and produce milk for their young.
- The presence of hair is a derived character unique to mammals.
Genetic Information
- All organisms utilize DNA for passing genetic information.
- Cladistic analysis allows scientists to determine relationships among species based on DNA similarities.
Evolutionary Relationships
- The three domains of life diverged from a common ancestor prior to the major evolution of eukaryotes.
- In heterotrophs, life process energy derives from chemical energy in organic compounds.
Cladograms and Classification
- Cladograms illustrate derived characters that distinguish species.
- Most scientists favor DNA-based classification methods as they reveal deeper evolutionary relationships than visible traits.
Kingdoms and Domains
- Four kingdoms under the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- Fungi differ from plants by being heterotrophic rather than autotrophic.
Taxonomical Hierarchy
- Species within a genus are more closely related than those in different genera.
- Derived characters are traits originating from an ancestor and passed to descendants.
Nodes and Evolutionary Descent
- Each node in a cladogram marks the last common ancestor shared by two groups.
- Cladograms provide clear visual representations of evolutionary descent, unlike the traditional Linnaean system.
Organism Characteristics
- Common ancestors of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes had true bone.
- Mosses and ferns both share the feature of having embryos.
Classification Examples
- A multicellular organism living in water that reproduces asexually, lacks cell walls, and is heterotrophic is classified under Animalia.
- Eukaryotes are distinguished by the presence of a nucleus.
Taxonomy and Systematics
- Taxonomy is the classification of organisms based on shared traits.
- Systematics aims to organize living organisms into biologically meaningful groups.
Common Names and Scientific Nomenclature
- Common names can lead to confusion across different regions and languages.
- In the scientific name Acer saccharum, 'saccharum' indicates the species.
Linnaean Classification System
- The Linnaean classification hierarchy from smallest to largest is: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom.
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