Biology Chapter 18 Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the system known as that assigns every organism a universally accepted name?

Cladistics

Hierarchical classification

Binomial nomenclature (correct)

Taxonomy

Based on their names, the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same...

species

Animals that are warm-blooded, have body hair, and produce milk for their young are grouped in the class...

Mammalia

What is a derived character in biological classification?

The presence of hair is a derived character of mammals because all mammals have hair and no animals other than mammals have it. Signup and view all the answers

What do all organisms have in common?

They all use DNA to pass on information Signup and view all the answers

Which technique can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate they are related?

Cladistic analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?

They diverged from a common ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes. Signup and view all the answers

In heterotrophs, energy for the life processes comes from the chemical energy stored in the bonds of...

Organic compounds Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be determined by interpreting a cladogram?

The derived characters that differentiate species on the cladogram Signup and view all the answers

Why have most scientists changed their method of classification?

DNA evidence often shows that species that share characteristics but look different can be more closely related than species that look alike. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the six kingdoms correspond to the domain Eukarya?

The kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia only Signup and view all the answers

Fungi are different from plants primarily because they...

Are heterotrophic Signup and view all the answers

In an evolutionary classification scheme, species within one genus should...

Be more closely related to one another than they are to species in another genus Signup and view all the answers

In biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a...

Derived character Signup and view all the answers

What does each node on a cladogram represent?

The last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of the classification system shown in the diagram that depicts evolutionary descent?

This system shows evolutionary descent Signup and view all the answers

Based on the diagram, which of these characteristics did the common ancestor of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes have?

True bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics do mosses and ferns share?

Embryo Signup and view all the answers

Into what kingdom would you classify an organism that reproduces asexually by budding, has no cell walls, and obtains energy by eating other organisms?

Animalia Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes eukaryotes?

It has a nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is taxonomy?

A classification system based on shared characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is one of the goals of systematics?

To organize living things into groups that have biological meaning Signup and view all the answers

Why do common names of organisms often cause problems for scientists?

Common names can vary among places and languages Signup and view all the answers

In the scientific name Acer saccharum, what does the second part, saccharum, designate?

Species Signup and view all the answers

Which choice lists the levels of the Linnaean system of classification from smallest to largest?

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classification System

Scientists use binomial nomenclature to assign universally accepted names to organisms.
Baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus belong to different species.

Mammalia Characteristics

Mammals are warm-blooded, possess body hair, and produce milk for their young.
The presence of hair is a derived character unique to mammals.

Genetic Information

All organisms utilize DNA for passing genetic information.
Cladistic analysis allows scientists to determine relationships among species based on DNA similarities.

Evolutionary Relationships

The three domains of life diverged from a common ancestor prior to the major evolution of eukaryotes.
In heterotrophs, life process energy derives from chemical energy in organic compounds.

Cladograms and Classification

Cladograms illustrate derived characters that distinguish species.
Most scientists favor DNA-based classification methods as they reveal deeper evolutionary relationships than visible traits.

Kingdoms and Domains

Four kingdoms under the domain Eukarya are Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Fungi differ from plants by being heterotrophic rather than autotrophic.

Taxonomical Hierarchy

Species within a genus are more closely related than those in different genera.
Derived characters are traits originating from an ancestor and passed to descendants.

Nodes and Evolutionary Descent

Each node in a cladogram marks the last common ancestor shared by two groups.
Cladograms provide clear visual representations of evolutionary descent, unlike the traditional Linnaean system.

Organism Characteristics

Common ancestors of lungfishes, coelacanths, and snakes had true bone.
Mosses and ferns both share the feature of having embryos.

Classification Examples

A multicellular organism living in water that reproduces asexually, lacks cell walls, and is heterotrophic is classified under Animalia.
Eukaryotes are distinguished by the presence of a nucleus.

Taxonomy and Systematics

Taxonomy is the classification of organisms based on shared traits.
Systematics aims to organize living organisms into biologically meaningful groups.

Common Names and Scientific Nomenclature

Common names can lead to confusion across different regions and languages.
In the scientific name Acer saccharum, 'saccharum' indicates the species.

Linnaean Classification System

The Linnaean classification hierarchy from smallest to largest is: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom.

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Description

Test your knowledge of biological classification with this quiz based on Chapter 18. Explore key concepts such as binomial nomenclature and the classification of species. Perfect for biology students wanting to reinforce their learning.