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What are the three transport functions of blood?
What are the three transport functions of blood?
Transport of oxygen, transport of nutrients, transport of waste products.
What are the three regulatory functions of blood?
What are the three regulatory functions of blood?
Regulation of body temperature, regulation of pH levels, regulation of fluid balance.
What are the two protective functions of blood?
What are the two protective functions of blood?
Defense against pathogens, clotting to prevent blood loss.
Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ______.
Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ______.
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What are the three transport functions of blood?
What are the three transport functions of blood?
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What are the three regulatory functions of blood?
What are the three regulatory functions of blood?
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What are the two protective functions of blood?
What are the two protective functions of blood?
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Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ______.
Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ______.
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What are the three transport functions of blood?
What are the three transport functions of blood?
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What are the three regulatory functions of blood?
What are the three regulatory functions of blood?
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What are the two protective functions of blood?
What are the two protective functions of blood?
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Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ______.
Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which living blood cells, called the ______, are suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called ______.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Blood Functions
- Blood has three transport functions: delivery of oxygen, transport of nutrients, and removal of waste products.
- Blood regulates body temperature, pH levels, and fluid balance.
- Protective functions include defense against pathogens and clotting to prevent blood loss.
Composition of Blood
- Blood consists of living blood cells (formed elements) suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix (plasma).
- Erythrocytes are red blood cells specifically tasked with oxygen transport.
- When centrifuged, red blood cells settle at the bottom of the tube.
Blood Cell Structure
- A thin layer at the erythrocyte-plasma junction is called the buffy coat, containing leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets (cell fragments involved in clotting).
- Hematocrit value indicates the percentage of total blood volume occupied by erythrocytes.
- Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet, oxygen-poor blood is dark red.
Blood Properties
- Blood is slightly alkaline rather than acidic.
- Increased red blood cell count results in thicker blood, leading to slower flow.
- Plasma is a yellowish, sticky fluid primarily composed of water, with the most numerous solutes being proteins.
Plasma Proteins
- Plasma proteins include albumin, which constitutes about 60% of total plasma protein and serves as a carrier for various substances.
- Most plasma proteins are produced in the liver.
Formed Elements
- Formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
- Not all formed elements are true cells; for instance, platelets are cell fragments, lacking nuclei.
- Blood cells do not divide; the body produces consistent supplies via stem cell differentiation.
Erythrocyte Structure and Function
- Erythrocytes have a biconcave disc shape, enhancing surface area for gas exchange.
- Mature erythrocytes are anucleate and lack organelles, maximizing hemoglobin content for oxygen transport.
- Hemoglobin facilitates oxygen binding and carries carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.
Erythropoiesis
- Erythropoiesis, the formation of erythrocytes, occurs in red bone marrow, which is found in flat bones like the pelvis and ribs in adults.
- All formed elements arise from a common hematopoietic stem cell, with differentiation influenced by hormones and specific signaling.
- Proerythroblasts mature into erythroblasts, which actively synthesize hemoglobin during development.
Reticulocyte Maturation
- Reticulocytes mature into erythrocytes within a few days after leaving the bone marrow.
- A reticulocyte count can indicate bone marrow function and red blood cell production efficiency.
EPO and Regulation
- Erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone released by the kidneys, stimulates erythrocyte production.
- Low oxygen levels in kidney cells trigger the accumulation of signaling molecules, leading to increased EPO production.
- Erythropoiesis is regulated by the oxygen demand, along with raw materials such as iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
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Description
Test your understanding of Chapter 16 in biology, focusing on the functions and components of blood. This worksheet covers transport, regulatory, and protective functions, along with details about blood cells and their matrix. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
