Biology Chapter 14: Respiration

What controls breathing in the body?

The cerebral cortex
The heart
The breathing center in the brain's medulla (correct)
The lungs

What is the role of the inspiratory center in the brain?

It regulates the limbic system
It controls the expiratory center
It inhibits inspiration and stimulates expiration
It increases inspiration rate and depth (correct)

How is oxygen primarily transported in the bloodstream?

Dissolved in plasma
Bound to red blood cells as oxyhemoglobin (correct)
Transported by the cerebral cortex
Carried by the respiratory center

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the lungs?

It facilitates the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin (B) Signup and view all the answers

How can conscious or unconscious control over breathing be exerted?

Through the cerebral cortex (C) Signup and view all the answers

How can emotions influence the respiratory center?

Through the limbic system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

To inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which property of the respiratory surface is MOST important for efficient gas exchange?

Thinness (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nose in the respiratory system?

To filter and warm the air before it enters the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the respiratory surface?

Impermeable (A) Signup and view all the answers

At which level does the respiration process occur?

Both cellular and organismic levels (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the larynx?

To produce sound for speech (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the epiglottis in the larynx?

To close off the larynx during swallowing (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a part of the larynx?

Bronchi (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the alveoli in the lower respiratory tract?

To exchange gases between the air and blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the trachea in the lower respiratory tract?

To move air in and out of the lungs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx?

To connect the oral and nasal cavities to the esophagus and larynx (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the shape of the pharynx?

Funnel-shaped (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main systems the pharynx serves?

Digestive and respiratory (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is not connected to the pharynx?

Nasal cavities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis and larynx?

To filter air and prevent liquids from entering the air passages (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the trachea?

To transport air to and from the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are the bronchi structured?

The trachea divides into primary bronchi, which further branch into secondary and tertiary bronchi (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of alveoli?

To facilitate gas exchange with the blood due to their thin walls (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of alveoli in the human lungs?

700 million (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of bronchioles?

To divide the airway into smaller branches leading to the alveoli (A) Signup and view all the answers