Biology Chapter 14 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the names of the innermost, middle, and outermost layers of the heart wall?

Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

What is the name of the sac that encloses the heart?

Pericardium

What is the heart's upper receiving chamber on each side called? What is the lower pumping chamber called?

Atrium; Ventricle

What is the purpose of the valves of the heart?

They direct the flow of blood through the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the system that supplies blood to the myocardium?

Coronary circulation Signup and view all the answers

What name is given to the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle? The relaxation phase?

Systole; Diastole Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac output? What two factors determine cardiac output?

Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute; Stroke volume and heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the scientific name for the heart's pacemaker?

Sinoatrial node (SA) Signup and view all the answers

What system exerts the main influence on the rate and strength of heart contractions?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is a heart murmur?

An abnormal heart sound Signup and view all the answers

What do ECG and EKG stand for?

Electrocardiogram or electrocardiography Signup and view all the answers

What is the general term for using a thin tube threaded through a vessel for diagnosis or repair?

Catheterization Signup and view all the answers

What techniques use dye and x-rays to visualize the coronary arteries?

Coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of heart inflammation?

Endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormal heart rhythm called?

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia Signup and view all the answers

What is congenital heart disease?

A heart disorder present at birth Signup and view all the answers

What types of organisms cause rheumatic fever?

Certain streptococci Signup and view all the answers

What degenerative process commonly causes narrowing of the vessels and coronary artery disease?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for a heart attack?

Myocardial infarction (MI) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general name for a device that restores the normal heart rhythm?

Defibrillator Signup and view all the answers

How do aspirin and Warfarin act to prevent heart attacks?

They act as anticoagulants Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for a device that is wired to the heart to regulate the heartbeat?

Artificial pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

What does CABG stand for?

Coronary artery bypass graft Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Anatomy and Structure

The innermost layer of the heart wall is called the endocardium.
The myocardium is the middle layer responsible for heart contractions.
The outermost layer is the epicardium.
The heart is enclosed in a protective sac known as the pericardium.

Heart Chambers and Function

The atria are the upper receiving chambers of the heart, with one on each side.
The ventricles are the lower pumping chambers, also one on each side.
Valves ensure the proper direction of blood flow through the heart.

Circulatory System

Coronary circulation supplies blood specifically to the myocardium.
Cardiac output refers to the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume and heart rate.

Cardiac Cycle and Regulation

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle is known as systole while the relaxation phase is called diastole.
The sinoatrial node (SA node) serves as the heart's natural pacemaker.
The autonomic nervous system significantly influences the rate and strength of heart contractions.

Heart Sounds and Diagnostic Tools

An abnormal heart sound is termed a heart murmur.
ECG or EKG refers to electrocardiogram or electrocardiography, used to monitor heart activity.
Catheterization involves threading a thin tube through a vessel for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

Imaging Techniques

Coronary angiography and coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) visualize coronary arteries using dye and X-rays.

Heart Inflammation and Conditions

Types of heart inflammation include endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis.
Arrhythmia and dysrhythmia refer to abnormal heart rhythms.
Congenital heart disease is a heart disorder present at birth.
Rheumatic fever can be caused by certain strains of streptococci.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Atherosclerosis leads to narrowing of blood vessels, commonly associated with coronary artery disease.
A myocardial infarction (MI) is the medical term for a heart attack.

Treatment and Prevention

A defibrillator is a device used to restore normal heart rhythm.
Aspirin and Warfarin function as anticoagulants, effectively preventing heart attacks.
An artificial pacemaker is wired to the heart to manage heart rhythm.
CABG stands for coronary artery bypass graft, a surgical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 14 of Biology. Challenge yourself with questions about the heart's structure including its layers and chambers. Perfect for quick reviews or study sessions!