Questions and Answers
How can you tell which side of the heart is the anterior surface and which side is the posterior surface?
The anterior is the side that the apex is pointing to, while the posterior surface lies opposite to the apex.
How many chambers are found in the mammalian heart?
4
Which chambers are the pumping chambers of the heart?
Ventricles
Which chambers are the receiving chambers of the heart?
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From where in the body does the blood entering the Superior Vena Cava come?
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From where in the body does the blood entering the Inferior Vena Cava come?
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How do the walls of the atria compare with the walls of the ventricles and why are they different?
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How do the walls of the right ventricle compare with the walls of the left ventricle? Why are they different?
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What is the purpose of heart valves?
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Name and compare the heart valves found between the upper & lower chambers of the right and left sides of the heart.
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Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called ___________________, while _________________ carry blood toward the heart.
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Which artery is the largest and why?
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What is the purpose of the coronary artery and what results if there is blockage in this vessel?
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Can an artery carry deoxygenated blood?
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Using words, trace blood flow through the major blood vessels and heart, starting with de-oxygenated blood returned from the body.
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Name the chambers of the heart in the order in which blood flows through them.
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What is the point of the heart called?
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The top of the heart is called the ____________?
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What is the thin membrane that surrounds and protects the heart?
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What is the chamber the white arrow is pointing to?
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What is the chamber the white arrow is pointing to?
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What is the organ that pumps blood throughout an organism?
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What is the chamber of the heart where deoxygenated blood is received from the vena cava?
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What is the chamber of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium?
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What is the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?
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What is the chamber of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium?
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What is the largest artery of the body?
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What are the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the lungs?
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Study Notes
Heart Anatomy Basics
- The anterior surface of the heart points towards the apex, while the posterior surface is opposite the apex.
- The heart consists of four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
Heart Chambers
- Ventricles serve as the pumping chambers of the heart, crucial for blood circulation.
- Atria function as the receiving chambers, collecting blood from the body and lungs.
Blood Flow to the Heart
- Superior Vena Cava brings deoxygenated blood from parts of the body above the heart.
- Inferior Vena Cava collects deoxygenated blood from regions below the heart.
Chamber Wall Differences
- Atria walls are thinner compared to ventricles due to lower pressure during contraction.
- The left ventricle has thicker walls than the right ventricle to generate higher pressure for pumping blood to the entire body via the aorta.
Heart Valves
- Heart valves maintain blood flow direction and prevent backflow.
- The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle (three flaps), while the bicuspid valve sits between the left atrium and left ventricle (two flaps).
Blood Vessels
- Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins transport blood towards the heart.
- The largest artery is the aorta, essential for supplying blood to the entire body.
Coronary Arteries
- Coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle; blockage can hinder oxygen delivery to the lungs and heart.
Deoxygenated Blood in Arteries
- Some arteries, such as those leading from the right ventricle, can carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Blood Flow Sequence
- Blood flow path starts at the Superior Vena Cava, moves to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, into the pulmonary artery, returns to the left atrium, moves to the left ventricle, and exits via the aorta.
Order of Blood Flow Through Chambers
- Blood flows through the heart in this order: Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle.
Heart Structure
- The apex is the pointed tip of the heart, while the base is the top part of the heart.
- The pericardium is a thin membrane that surrounds and protects the heart, comprising two layers.
Specific Heart Chambers
- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava and sends it to the right ventricle.
- The right ventricle pumps blood from the right atrium into the pulmonary artery.
- The left atrium collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and routes it to the left ventricle.
- The left ventricle sends oxygenated blood into the aorta for distribution throughout the body.
Aorta Function
- The aorta is the major artery carrying oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the heart with these flashcards. Covering topics such as the anterior and posterior surfaces, the chambers, and the role of ventricles, these flashcards serve as a useful study tool for understanding heart dissection. Perfect for students in anatomy or biology classes.
