Biology Chapter 12 Diversity of Life

<p>Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine the relationships and evolutionary history among organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illustrate when different organisms evolved and their relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organizing organisms into hierarchical categories based on shared traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A common ancestor for different organisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create an internationally shared classification system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Species name is italicized and genus name is capitalized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Taxon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social behavior patterns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require re-evaluation of phylogenetic trees. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The evolutionary relationships among species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The origin of the amniotic egg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Different groups can have similar characteristics despite evolutionary distance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More closely related organisms are usually more similar in appearance (B), Branches indicate how long species have existed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The timeline of evolutionary events (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence or absence of a backbone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They share the characteristic of the amniotic egg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They depict the external appearance of species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protecting species based on evolutionary distinctiveness and extinction risk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cladistics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evolutionary distinctiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ancestor and all of its descendants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides an objective way to protect evolutionary diversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deer mice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only highly publicized species should be protected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single ancestral lineage and its descendants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of character changes throughout the tree (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum parsimony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of independent character changes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humans are more closely related to fungi than to plants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a basis for mapping evolutionary history (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is present in all members of the clade without change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shared derived characters indicate evolution occurred at some point during descent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Events occurred in the simplest and most obvious manner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is possible that the character has been lost in some lineages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The character must have evolved independently in each clade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may represent inconsistencies in evolutionary relationships. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Based on which taxa are included in the phylogenetic analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It draws the tree to ensure all clades share a common set of derived characters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A branching diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among organisms.

The evolutionary history and relationships among a species or group of species.

The study of organisms in order to understand their relationships.

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya; the broadest categories of life based on evolutionary relationships

The sequence of events that leads to the evolution of a species or group of species.

The shared ancestor from which all organisms in a group evolved.

The science of classifying and naming organisms.

Represent evolutionary relationships that diverge from common ancestry.

A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among different species.

A hierarchical system for classifying organisms.

A system organized in levels, with each group containing smaller groups.

The broadest taxonomic category, encompassing Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

The unique, two-part name that gives the genus and species and that scientists use internationally.

A point on a phylogenetic tree where lineages diverge.

The development of new characteristics or adaptations over time in lineages.

Closely related species may not always look similar if they evolved in different environments.

In a phylogenetic tree, a branch length does NOT necessarily indicate the time elapsed.

A shelled egg that develops outside of water, enabling life on land.

A phylogenetic tree with a common ancestor at the base establishing the evolutionary relationships of organisms

The principle that the simplest explanation for evolutionary relationships is usually the best.

Similar traits in different organisms that are inherited from a common ancestor.

Scientists use parsimony to determine the order of evolutionary events by analyzing homologous traits and finding the simplest explanation.

DNA sequences provide insights into evolutionary relationships, sometimes uncovering unexpected connections.

The degree to which a species is unique in its evolutionary history, reflecting its genetic distinctiveness and the time it has been evolving on its own.

A method used to construct phylogenetic trees by grouping organisms into clades based on shared derived characteristics, indicating their evolutionary relationships.

A group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants, forming a single branch on a phylogenetic tree.

A group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all of its descendants, forming a single clade.

Traits that have evolved in a lineage and are shared by all members of that lineage.

The diversity of evolutionary relationships among organisms, highlighting the importance of preserving unique evolutionary lineages.

The determination of which species or habitats require the most urgent protection based on factors like extinction risk and evolutionary distinctiveness.

A trait found in all members of a group because it hasn't changed during their descent. It's not useful for determining relationships within the group because everyone has it.

A trait that evolved at some point during the descent of a group, present only in some members. Helps determine relationships between those with the trait.

A principle in cladistics that states the simplest explanation for evolutionary relationships is usually the most accurate. Assuming an event happened in the most obvious way.

A particular form of a trait. For example, eye color is a character, and blue or brown are character states.

It suggests the trait evolved in the ancestor, but then changed back in that one species. An example of evolutionary reversal.

It likely evolved independently in those clades, a case of convergent evolution.

Building a cladogram is complex because there are many choices to make. There may be disagreements about which characters are most important, or how to interpret them.