Biology Chapter 12: Body Temperature Regulation

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for regulating body temperature within narrow limits?

  • To promote muscle growth
  • To maintain a constant environment for cellular reactions (correct)
  • To prevent changes in blood pressure
  • To ensure efficient digestion

Which of the following is NOT a method of heat loss from the body?

  • Conduction from skin to cold objects
  • Cellular respiration (correct)
  • Radiation from the body to the environment
  • Evaporation of sweat

Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating body temperature?

  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebrum
  • Hypothalamus (correct)
  • Pituitary gland

Which of the following is a way of gaining heat through the environment?

<p>Conduction from a warm object to the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of heat gain in the body?

<p>Conduction from the body to a cold object (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is associated with normal core body temperature?

<p>Heat Exhaustion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is characterized by the absence of sweating?

<p>Heat Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is commonly observed in hot and dry environments?

<p>Heat Stroke (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions involves excessive sweating?

<p>Heat Exhaustion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions is more likely to affect children, elders, and premature babies?

<p>Both Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of homeostasis in organisms?

<p>To maintain stable internal conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT involved in the continuous exchange of body fluids?

<p>Nervous tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the gaseous exchange of O2 and CO2 primarily occur?

<p>Lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the kidneys play in maintaining homeostasis?

<p>Clear plasma and filter nitrogenous wastes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid is primarily responsible for carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells?

<p>Blood plasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical core body temperature in Celsius?

<p>37°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the difference between skin temperature and core body temperature?

<p>Subcutaneous fat layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term homeostasis refer to in the body?

<p>The constant state of the internal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the pH level of blood in homeostasis?

<p>7.4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does external temperature typically affect core body temperature?

<p>It has no significant effect on core body temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects the optimal functioning of body cells?

<p>Blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of homeostasis?

<p>To maintain a constant internal environment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mechanisms that maintain a constant internal environment?

<p>Regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic mechanism?

<p>Shivering when cold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the body to maintain a stable internal environment?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method by which heat is gained from the environment?

<p>Conductive heat transfer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a voluntary method of heat production?

<p>Exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is an example of involuntary heat production?

<p>Shivering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does food intake play in heat gain?

<p>It provides energy that produces heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is heat lost from the body according to the described balance?

<p>Through a combination of methods including radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average body temperature for human beings in degrees Celsius?

<p>37°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which site is considered the most accurate for measuring body temperature?

<p>Rectum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the human body temperature when exposed to extreme hot or cold environments?

<p>It remains constant at approximately 37°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT a recommended site for measuring body temperature?

<p>Ankle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In human beings, how does the body regulate temperature in varying environmental conditions?

<p>By maintaining a constant temperature through homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the synthesis and release of pyrogens during a disease?

<p>Infection by microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of fever in the body?

<p>Increased production of antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health condition is explicitly mentioned as being associated with fever?

<p>Typhoid fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does fever have on microorganisms?

<p>Inhibits their activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can fever impact tumor growth?

<p>Slows the growth of some tumors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary physiological response of the body in a hot environment to promote heat loss?

<p>Sweating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is primarily used by the body to conserve heat in a cold environment?

<p>Vasoconstriction of blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In response to cold environments, how does the body typically adjust its metabolic activity?

<p>It increases metabolic rate to generate more heat (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions would help maximize heat loss from the body in a hot environment?

<p>Using light clothing and stretching (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the body's response to increased temperature during hot conditions?

<p>Increase in respiratory rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Homeostasis

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment in the body.

Temperature Regulation

The mechanism by which the body keeps its temperature within a narrow range.

Water Levels

Maintaining the proper amount of water in body cells and fluids.

Glucose Concentration

The process of keeping blood sugar levels stable.

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pH Balance

Maintaining the acidity or alkalinity of body fluids.

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Blood Plasma

The liquid part of blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products.

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Lungs

Organs that facilitate gas exchange, bringing in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

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Kidneys

Organs that filter blood plasma to remove waste and excess ions, maintaining fluid balance.

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Interstitial Fluid

The fluid between cells that facilitates the exchange of substances.

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Core Body Temperature

The internal temperature of the body, typically around 37°C (+/- 0.5°).

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Skin Temperature

The temperature at the surface of the skin, influenced by the external environment.

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Subcutaneous Fat

The layer of fat beneath the skin that insulates the body.

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Blood pH

The acidity level of blood, usually around 7.4, maintained despite dietary changes.

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Human Body Temperature

The average body temperature for humans is about 37°C regardless of external conditions.

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Clinical Thermometer

An instrument used to measure body temperature accurately.

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Measurement Sites

Common areas to measure body temperature include rectum, mouth, axilla, and ear.

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Most Accurate Measurement Site

The rectum is the most accurate site for measuring body temperature.

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Hypothalamus

The area in the brain that regulates body temperature control.

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Heat Loss Methods

Ways the body releases heat: conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation.

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Heat Gain Methods

Ways the body gains heat: metabolism, muscular activity, food intake, environmental heat.

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Conduction

The transfer of heat through direct contact between materials.

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Evaporation

The process of heat loss through the conversion of liquid to vapor.

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Heat Gain

The increase in body heat from metabolism, food, or the environment.

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Metabolism

The process of converting food into energy, including exercise and shivering.

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Voluntary Heat Production

Heat generated consciously, primarily through exercise.

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Involuntary Heat Production

Heat produced automatically, like shivering or non-shivering thermogenesis.

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Heat Loss

The process of losing body heat to maintain a balance.

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Sweating

The process of losing heat through perspiration in hot environments.

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Vasodilation

Widening of blood vessels in the skin to release heat.

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Heat Gain from Metabolism

The body generates heat through metabolic processes, especially in cold.

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Curling up at sleep

A response to cold that reduces surface area to conserve heat.

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Increased respiratory rate

Breathing faster to expel warm air in hot conditions.

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Heat Exhaustion

A condition caused by prolonged exposure to hot and humid environments leading to excessive sweating and dehydration.

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Heat Stroke

A severe condition resulting from prolonged exposure to hot and dry environments, characterized by an abnormal body temperature and absence of sweating.

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Difference in Symptoms

Heat exhaustion shows sweating and wet skin, whereas heat stroke has dry skin and no sweating.

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Environment Types

Heat exhaustion occurs in hot humid environments, while heat stroke happens in hot dry environments.

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Diagnosis of Heat Stroke

Heat stroke is diagnosed based on symptoms like an abnormal temperature in vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly.

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Fever

A rise in body temperature as a response to disease, such as infections.

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Pyrogens

Substances released by white blood cells that increase body temperature during infections.

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Microorganism inhibition

Higher temperatures can inhibit the growth of certain pathogens.

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Antibody production

The production of antibodies increases with elevated body temperature.

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Tumor growth slowing

Elevated body temperature can slow the growth of some tumors.

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