Questions and Answers
What is probability?
What is a homozygous organism?
An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene (TT or tt).
What is a heterozygous organism?
Organisms that have two different alleles for the same gene (Tt).
What is the probability that one gamete will contain the G allele from a parent pea plant with the genotype Gg?
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What does phenotype refer to?
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What does genotype refer to?
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The genotype of an organism is ________, and the phenotype is largely determined by the ___________.
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Two organisms may share the same phenotype but have different genotypes.
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What is a Punnett Square?
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What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?
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What are the units that determine the inheritance of biological characteristics?
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What is the form of a gene called?
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If two or more forms of a gene exist, some may be dominant and others may be:
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From whom do offspring receive their two copies of each gene?
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Alleles from different genes usually ________ independently from each other when gametes form.
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What do genes do during gamete formation?
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What term describes the elements that determine traits?
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Study Notes
Basic Concepts in Genetics
- Probability: Likelihood that a specific event occurs, essential for predicting offspring traits.
- Homozygous: Organism with two identical alleles for a gene (e.g., TT or tt).
- Heterozygous: Organism possessing two different alleles for a gene (e.g., Tt).
Genetic Combinations and Alleles
- Gametes from a Gg parent plant have a 50% chance of carrying the G allele.
- Phenotype: The observable physical traits of an organism.
- Genotype: The genetic makeup that determines phenotypes.
Relationship Between Genotype and Phenotype
- The genotype is inherited, while the phenotype largely stems from the genotype.
- Organisms can exhibit the same phenotype yet have different genotypes (True).
Tools for Genetic Analysis
- Punnett Square: A graphical tool displaying all possible allele combinations from a genetic cross.
- Principle of Independent Assortment: The concept that genes for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation.
Inheritance and Genes
- Genes: Fundamental units responsible for inheriting biological characteristics.
- Alleles: Different forms of a gene; can be dominant or recessive.
- Offspring typically receive two copies of each gene, one from each parent.
Genetic Processes
- Alleles from different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.
- Genes are responsible for determining traits and come from parents.
- Dominant alleles are expressed phenotypically, while recessive alleles may not be.
Summary of Key Definitions
- Dominant Allele: The allele that is phenotypically expressed.
- Recessive Allele: The form of a gene that is masked in the presence of a dominant allele.
- Gametes: The reproductive cells that segregate alleles during formation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Mendel's principles of inheritance with this flashcard quiz. You'll explore key terms like probability, homozygous, and heterozygous, along with practical applications. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of genetics.
