Questions and Answers
What is heredity?
What is a trait?
A specific characteristic that an organism can pass to its offspring through its genes.
What is genetics?
The scientific study of heredity.
What occurs during fertilization?
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A purebred organism can produce offspring with different traits.
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What controls a trait?
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What are alleles?
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A dominant allele's trait is always hidden when a recessive allele is present.
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What is a hybrid organism?
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What does phenotype refer to?
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What is genotype?
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Homozygous organisms have two different alleles for a trait.
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Heterozygous organisms have two identical alleles for a trait.
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Mendelian Genetics
- Heredity: The mechanism by which traits are transmitted from parents to their offspring.
- Trait: A distinctive characteristic or feature of an organism, determined by its genes.
- Genetics: The branch of biology focused on the study of heredity and variation in organisms.
Reproductive Processes
- Fertilization: A critical step in sexual reproduction where male and female gametes combine to create a new organism.
- Purebred: Refers to an organism that consistently produces offspring with identical traits as itself.
Genetic Components
- Gene: The fundamental unit responsible for hereditary traits, influencing specific characteristics.
- Allele: Variants or different forms of a gene that define specific traits.
Dominance in Alleles
- Dominant Allele: An allele that expresses its trait in the phenotype whenever present, overshadowing recessive alleles.
- Recessive Allele: An allele whose trait remains unexpressed unless two copies are present, as it is masked by dominant alleles.
Genetic Combinations
- Hybrid: An organism that carries different alleles for a particular trait, resulting from crossbreeding.
- Phenotype: The observable attributes of an organism, shaped by both its genotype and environmental factors.
- Genotype: The genetic configuration or the specific alleles present in an organism.
Allele Configurations
- Homozygous: A genetic condition where an organism has identical alleles for a trait, either both dominant or both recessive.
- Heterozygous: A situation in which an organism possesses two distinct alleles for a trait, combining both dominant and recessive traits.
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Description
Explore fundamental concepts of Mendelian Genetics through interactive flashcards. This set covers key terms such as heredity, traits, and fertilization, essential for understanding genetic inheritance.
