Podcast
Questions and Answers
How could the botanist best determine whether the genotype of the green-pod plant is homozygous or heterozygous?
How could the botanist best determine whether the genotype of the green-pod plant is homozygous or heterozygous?
Cross the green-pod plant with a yellow-pod plant.
Which of Mendel's findings does the test cross of the green-pod plant illustrate if it is determined to be heterozygous (Gg)?
Which of Mendel's findings does the test cross of the green-pod plant illustrate if it is determined to be heterozygous (Gg)?
Law of segregation
During which part of meiosis do the two alleles of a gene separate?
During which part of meiosis do the two alleles of a gene separate?
Meiosis I, Anaphase
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the four parent pea plants based on the F1 progeny?
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the four parent pea plants based on the F1 progeny?
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What are the genotypes of the parent plants crossed with a plant grown from a round, yellow seed and a plant grown from a wrinkled, yellow seed?
What are the genotypes of the parent plants crossed with a plant grown from a round, yellow seed and a plant grown from a wrinkled, yellow seed?
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What are the predicted frequencies of each of the phenotypes in the F1 progeny?
What are the predicted frequencies of each of the phenotypes in the F1 progeny?
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Determine the relationship between the mutant allele and its corresponding wild-type allele for Twist, Forked, and Pale.
Determine the relationship between the mutant allele and its corresponding wild-type allele for Twist, Forked, and Pale.
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Identify the genotype of each F2 class based on the alleles for leaf color and leaf shape.
Identify the genotype of each F2 class based on the alleles for leaf color and leaf shape.
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What statement best explains the outcome of the cross between the forked and twist lines?
What statement best explains the outcome of the cross between the forked and twist lines?
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What designator is used for the twist allele to distinguish it from the forked allele?
What designator is used for the twist allele to distinguish it from the forked allele?
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Which phenotype has the highest frequency based on the Punnett square?
Which phenotype has the highest frequency based on the Punnett square?
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What pattern does the distribution of frequency values show in the histogram?
What pattern does the distribution of frequency values show in the histogram?
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What is the best explanation for the curve's shape in the histogram?
What is the best explanation for the curve's shape in the histogram?
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What are the phenotypic frequencies of the surviving offspring if one of the three genes is lethal when homozygous recessive?
What are the phenotypic frequencies of the surviving offspring if one of the three genes is lethal when homozygous recessive?
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How does the shape of the curve compare with the curve in Figure 2?
How does the shape of the curve compare with the curve in Figure 2?
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What does the example indicate about the distribution of phenotype frequencies in a population?
What does the example indicate about the distribution of phenotype frequencies in a population?
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Based on the inheritance pattern, which mode of inheritance is responsible for galactosemia?
Based on the inheritance pattern, which mode of inheritance is responsible for galactosemia?
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What is the risk that Jane and John will have another child with galactosemia?
What is the risk that Jane and John will have another child with galactosemia?
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Which tests would be most useful for Jane and John regarding galactosemia?
Which tests would be most useful for Jane and John regarding galactosemia?
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How do quantitative characters differ from the characters investigated by Mendel in his experiments on peas?
How do quantitative characters differ from the characters investigated by Mendel in his experiments on peas?
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What is the chance that an individual taken at random from the F2 generation produces wrinkled seeds and yellow seeds?
What is the chance that an individual taken at random from the F2 generation produces wrinkled seeds and yellow seeds?
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Which statement about the homologous pair of chromosomes is correct?
Which statement about the homologous pair of chromosomes is correct?
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When a dominant allele coexists with a recessive allele in a heterozygote individual, how do they interact with each other?
When a dominant allele coexists with a recessive allele in a heterozygote individual, how do they interact with each other?
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Study Notes
Genetic Determination and Test Cross
- Determine if a genotype is homozygous or heterozygous by conducting a test cross with a recessive phenotype.
- A heterozygous genotype (Gg) illustrates Mendel's law of segregation.
Meiosis and Allele Separation
- Alleles separate during meiosis I, specifically during the Anaphase phase.
Mendelian Traits in Pea Plants
- Pea plants can show various phenotypes based on dominant and recessive alleles:
- Round (R) is dominant over wrinkled (r), yellow (Y) is dominant over green (y).
- Deductions about parental genotypes can be made from the phenotypes of F1 progeny.
Dihybrid Crosses
- A round yellow seed plant (RrYy) crossed with a wrinkled yellow seed plant (rrYy) can produce offspring with various phenotypes.
- Expected frequencies:
- Yellow round: 3/8
- Yellow wrinkled: 3/8
- Green round: 1/8
- Green wrinkled: 1/8
Allele Dominance and Relationships
- Mutant alleles can show different relationships to wild-type alleles:
- Twist and Forked mutants are dominant over their respective wild types.
- Pale allele shows incomplete dominance.
Offspring and Punnett Squares
- A Punnett square helps visualize offspring inheritance patterns.
- Phenotypic frequencies change when lethal alleles are considered, leading to non-normal distributions.
Inheritance Patterns and Disorders
- Galactosemia follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.
- If both parents are heterozygotes, the risk of having an affected child is 1/4.
- Newborn screening for galactosemia is essential to manage affected individuals.
Quantitative vs. Mendelian Traits
- Quantitative traits are influenced by multiple genes (polygenic inheritance) and show continuous variation, contrasting with Mendel's studies on traits influenced by single genes.
Chromosomal Alleles and Interactions
- In a homologous chromosome pair, each chromosome carries different alleles for a trait, representing contributions from both parents.
- Dominant and recessive alleles in heterozygotes do not interact functionally; one masks the effect of the other.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 11 of Biology with these flashcards. Test your understanding of plant genetics, particularly focusing on the genotype determination of green-pod plants. Perfect for mastering Mendelian genetics.
