Questions and Answers
Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plants?
Photosynthesis occurs only in the light and cellular respiration occurs in both dark and light.
Why are the reaction centers of photosystems composed of several structurally different pigments?
This arrangement enables the plant to absorb light energy of a variety of wavelengths.
What happens to the free energy released as electrons are passed from photosystem II to photosystem I through a series of electron carriers?
It is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient.
Which molecule is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I?
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What are the products of linear electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
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What are the products of cyclic electron flow during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
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What are the events associated with chemiosmosis in chloroplasts?
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Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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What related function do carotenoids have in plants?
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Compare the mechanism of photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
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What molecules are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis occurs exclusively in light, while cellular respiration takes place in both light and dark conditions.
Photosystem Reaction Centers
- Structurally diverse pigments in reaction centers allow plants to absorb light across various wavelengths.
Electron Transport Chain
- The free energy released when electrons move from photosystem II to photosystem I is harnessed to create and maintain a proton gradient.
Final Electron Acceptor
- NADP+ acts as the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I.
Products of Linear Electron Flow
- Linear electron flow results in:
- NADPH: An electron donor that reduces CO2 to sugar in the Calvin Cycle.
- ATP: Serves as the energy source for the Calvin Cycle.
- O2: Released as a by-product.
Products of Cyclic Electron Flow
- Cyclic electron flow generates surplus ATP to meet higher demands in the Calvin Cycle, using solar energy to produce ATP and NADPH.
Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts
- During chemiosmosis, the pH in the thylakoid space increases, leading to ATP synthesis.
Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration
- Photosynthesis produces glucose utilized in cellular respiration for ATP generation.
- Photosynthesis consumes CO2 and releases O2; cellular respiration uses O2 and emits CO2, with the released O2 essential for cellular respiration in many organisms.
Carotenoids in Plants
- Carotenoids serve as protectants against oxidative damage from excessive light energy, similar to their antioxidant properties in human nutrition.
Photophosphorylation vs. Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Oxidative phosphorylation is independent of light, converting O2 to H2O using electrons from NADH and FADH2.
- Photophosphorylation is light-dependent, converting H2O to O2 with NADP+ as the electron acceptor.
Molecules Utilized in Calvin Cycle
- ATP and NADPH, generated during the light reactions of photosynthesis, are essential for powering the Calvin Cycle.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts from Biology Chapter 10, including the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants. Explore how these processes are influenced by light conditions and the role of various pigments in photosystems. Test your understanding of these fundamental biological processes.
