Biology Chapter 10: Speciation and Isolation
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for a population with multiple distinct forms or morphs?

  • Polymorphic (correct)
  • Monomorphic
  • Heterozygous
  • Diploid
  • Reproductively isolated species can still exchange genetic material.

    False

    What happens to the population when a pollinator that prefers medium height plants disappears?

    The medium height plants would be selected against, and the population would shift towards short and tall plants.

    The process resulting in the formation of two new separate species is known as __________.

    <p>speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pollinator preferences with their effects on plant populations:

    <p>Pollinator for short plants = Increases short plant population Pollinator for medium height plants = Decreases medium plant population Pollinator for tall plants = Increases tall plant population Overall effect = Leads to polymorphism in plant heights</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isolation occurs when two species mate during different seasons?

    <p>Temporal isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioural isolation can occur when two species use the same mating call.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for one species to split into two?

    <p>Reproductive isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two species living in the same habitat but preferring different conditions exhibit __________ isolation.

    <p>ecological</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of isolation with its example:

    <p>Geographical isolation = River formation separates species Temporal isolation = Mating in different seasons Behavioural isolation = Unique mating song Ecological isolation = Different habitat preferences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from reproductive isolation affecting different populations?

    <p>Divergence of species over generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two species of frogs can use the same habitat but still remain reproductively isolated.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of behavioural isolation in animals.

    <p>A bird species using a unique mating song</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called when organisms can no longer interbreed with the original species?

    <p>Speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Allopatric speciation involves the separation of populations due to a physical barrier.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproductive isolation occurs when two populations prefer different food sources?

    <p>Habitat isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of speciation that occurs without a physical barrier is called __________.

    <p>sympatric speciation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of isolation to their definitions:

    <p>Geographical isolation = Physical separation of populations Habitat isolation = Preference for different habitats preventing interbreeding Temporal isolation = Differences in mating times preventing interbreeding Behavioral isolation = Differences in mating rituals preventing interbreeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of allopatric speciation?

    <p>Populations develop different adaptations over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sympatric speciation is primarily driven by geographical barriers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Speciation

    • Species: groups of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring; reproductively isolated, no genetic exchange
    • Problems with the definition: some organisms that reproduce differently can produce fertile offspring (e.g., the "pizzly bear")
    • How does one species split into two? Reproductive isolation is required.

    How Species Split

    • Geographic isolation (allopatric speciation):
      • Physical barriers (e.g., rivers, mountain ranges) separate populations
      • Different environments lead to different selective pressures
      • Adaptations to different environments over time result in the populations becoming separate species
    • Sympatric speciation:
      • No physical barrier
      • One population splits into two based on factors like differences in habitat use, mating seasons, food preferences
      • Same process as allopatric speciation but no geographical separation
      • Conditions for life are different leading to separate adaptation patterns

    Types of Speciation

    • Allopatric speciation: Happens when a physical barrier separates a population into groups—leading to geographical isolation.
    • Sympatric speciation: One population separates into groups based on something other than a physical barrier.

    Divergent Evolution

    • One species becomes two through reproductive isolation.
    • Species originate from common ancestors.
    • Similarities between species decrease over time.
    • Adaptive radiation: one ancestral species becomes many new species; it can be a result of the founder effect (a small group splinters off and starts a new colony).

    Convergent Evolution

    • Species do not evolve from the same ancestor but look similar (analogous structures)
    • Adaptations that work well in an environment become more prevalent.

    How Quickly Does Speciation Happen?

    • Gradualism: New species arise from many small changes over long periods.
    • Punctuated Equilibrium: Major environmental changes allow rapid speciation events.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the concepts of speciation and reproductive isolation in Biology. This quiz covers various types of isolation mechanisms, morphs in populations, and the impact of pollinators on plant species. Assess your understanding and learn more about how species evolve and adapt.

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