Evolution Theories and Speciation Quiz

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the main idea behind Lamarck's theory of evolution?

  • Organisms have evolved from a common ancestor.
  • Organisms have evolved to change their characteristics to fit their environment. (correct)
  • Organisms evolve through natural selection.
  • Organisms pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring.

Which example is used in the text to illustrate Lamarck's theory of evolution?

  • The development of long necks in giraffes. (correct)
  • The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.
  • The evolution of birds from reptiles.
  • The evolution of humans from primates.

What is the main idea behind Darwin's theory of evolution?

  • Organisms evolve through random mutations.
  • Organisms have evolved from a common ancestor. (correct)
  • Organisms pass on acquired characteristics to their offspring.
  • Organisms change their characteristics to fit their environment.

What is Darwin's most famous book?

<p>The Origin of Species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common thread that connects Lamarck's, Darwin's, and Wallace's theories of evolution?

<p>All three theories were based on the idea that organisms evolve through natural selection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between Darwin's and Wallace's theories of evolution?

<p>There is no significant difference between Darwin's and Wallace's theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main point that the author is trying to convey in this excerpt?

<p>Evolution is a complex process that has been studied by many scientists. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between allopatric and sympatric speciation?

<p>Allopatric speciation involves geographic separation, while sympatric speciation occurs within the same habitat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reproductive isolating mechanism?

<p>Gene flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of speciation, what is the significance of genetic drift?

<p>Genetic drift can lead to random changes in allele frequencies, contributing to genetic divergence and potentially speciation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of speciation is most likely to involve polyploidization?

<p>Sympatric speciation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates hybrid breakdown as a reproductive isolating mechanism?

<p>A hybrid offspring of two plant species is vigorous in the first generation but has reduced fitness in subsequent generations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the concept of common ancestry?

<p>All species are related through a shared ancestor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pieces of evidence supports the idea of common ancestry?

<p>The presence of homologous structures in different species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of reproductive isolation contribute to the process of speciation?

<p>Reproductive isolation prevents gene flow, which allows populations to diverge genetically and potentially form new species. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors are considered in the "struggle for existence" according to Wallace and Darwin?

<p>Food supply, environmental conditions, and offspring traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did Darwin and Wallace's theories become the most widely accepted theory of evolution?

<p>They explained how evolution occurred through natural selection of traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did giraffes likely develop their long necks over time?

<p>They inherited longer necks from their parents due to natural selection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the authors mention Lamarck's theory of use and disuse in the content?

<p>To provide a historical context for the development of evolutionary thought. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase "patterns of descent with modification" suggest about evolution?

<p>Species change slowly over time through gradual modifications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is the most important factor in determining which offspring will survive and reproduce?

<p>The traits they inherit from their parents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of mentioning "(1.) _____________________ is formed as result of modified traits from (2.) ____________________ which all have descended from one (3.) ________________________"?

<p>It emphasizes the interconnectedness of all living organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Darwin and Wallace's theory of evolution and Lamarck's theory?

<p>Darwin and Wallace's theory focuses on natural selection, while Lamarck's theory focuses on acquired traits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with theorizing the Principle of Use and Disuse?

<p>Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals traveled aboard the HMS Beagle for five years, surveying the coast of South America and islands like the Galapagos?

<p>Charles Darwin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following books was written by Charles Darwin, presenting his theory of natural selection?

<p>On the Origin of Species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these individuals studied different types of butterflies in the Malay Archipelago?

<p>Alfred Russel Wallace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of the events or ideas regarding the development of evolutionary thought, from first to last?

<p>Common Ancestor, Earlier Species, Present Day Species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lists the scientists who contributed to the development of evolutionary thought in the correct chronological order, from earliest to latest?

<p>Lamarck, Darwin, Wallace (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements accurately reflects the core idea behind the concept of descent with modification?

<p>Organisms inherit traits from their parents and pass them on to their offspring, resulting in gradual changes over generations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples demonstrates the concept of 'Modifications of Species from Place to Place'?

<p>The diversity of finches observed by Darwin on the Galapagos Islands, each with unique beak shapes adapted to specific food sources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statements about biological species are correct? I.Biological species interbreed with one another. II.Biological species serve as a grouping method for extinct life forms. III.Members of biological species produce viable, fertile offspring.

<p>I and III (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isolating mechanism does NOT prevent fertilization and formation of a zygote?

<p>Hybrid breakdown (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of speciation includes abrupt genetic changes that can cause reproductive isolation?

<p>Sympatric speciation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of speciation occurs when populations are separated by a geographic barrier?

<p>Allopatric speciation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of speciation involves abrupt environmental changes over a geographic border and strong disruptive selection?

<p>Parapatric speciation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept does Cuvier's catastrophism attempt to explain?

<p>The fossil record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which idea did Darwin learn from Thomas Malthus's writings?

<p>Populations increase faster than their food supply allows. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whose ideas do Lysenko's attempts to create cold-tolerant winter wheat plants align most closely with?

<p>Lamarck (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ideas is NOT part of Darwin’s theory of evolution?

<p>Natural selection eliminates adaptive traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement contradicts Darwin’s theory of evolution?

<p>Evolution occurs in individuals rather than populations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of reproductive isolation in biology?

<p>The inability of species to produce hybrids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism is classified as a pre-zygotic isolation mechanism?

<p>Temporal isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of natural selection, which statement is correct?

<p>Natural selection can lead to the gradual change of species. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process allows for the gradual modification of species over time?

<p>Natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of 'adaptation' in the context of evolution refers to what?

<p>Traits that are beneficial for survival in a specific environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biological species

A group of individuals that can interbreed and produce viable offspring.

Isolating mechanism

A factor that prevents individuals from different populations from interbreeding.

Allopatric speciation

Speciation that occurs when populations are separated by a geographic barrier.

Sympatric speciation

Speciation that occurs without geographic separation, often due to behavioral changes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parapatric speciation

Speciation that occurs when populations are separated by extreme changes in habitat and gene flow is limited.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Catastrophism

The theory that geological or meteorological disruptions shape Earth's history.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Malthusian theory

The idea that populations grow faster than their food supply allows, leading to competition for resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cuvier's explanation

Cuvier attempted to explain the fossil record through his concept of catastrophism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hybrid breakdown

A phenomenon where F1 hybrids are viable but F2s are weak or sterile.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reproductive isolating mechanisms

Factors that prevent species from interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Species formation

The process of new species arising from existing species through divergence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic drift

Random changes in allele frequencies within a population's gene pool.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common ancestry

The idea that present-day species share a common ancestor, supported by various evidence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Selection

The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lamarckism

The theory that an organism can pass on characteristics acquired during its lifetime to its offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Darwin’s Theory

Evolution occurs through natural selection, preserving favorable traits in populations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pre-zygotic Isolation

Mechanisms that prevent fertilization and zygote formation between species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolution in Individuals

Contrary to Darwin’s theory, evolution occurs in populations, not individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cold Tolerance in Wheat

Lysenko believed that exposing wheat to colder temperatures would enhance its cold tolerance.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ancestral Species

Species that gave rise to current species through evolutionary modifications.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reproductive Isolation

When two species cannot produce hybrid offspring due to isolation mechanisms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Overproduction of Offspring

More offspring are born than can survive due to competition for resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Variability in Traits

Offspring exhibit different traits, leading to diversity in a population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environmental Impact

The environment influences which organisms survive based on their traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Descent with Modification

The concept that species evolve over time through changes in traits passed to offspring.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Giraffes' Long Necks

Giraffes developed longer necks because longer-necked individuals survived better.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Charles Darwin's Work

Darwin's theory, based on observations, explained the mechanism of evolution through natural selection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alfred Russel Wallace

Co-developed the theory of evolution by natural selection alongside Darwin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lamarck's Theory

Lamarck theorized that organisms evolve through use and disuse of traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Principle of Use and Disuse

Traits become stronger through use and may vanish through disuse.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Darwin's Natural Selection

Darwin proposed that species evolve through survival and reproduction of favored traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolutionary Change

Species adapt to their environment over generations resulting in evolving new species.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acquired Characteristics

Lamarck's idea that traits gained in life can be passed to offspring was later disproved.

Signup and view all the flashcards

On the Origin of Species

Darwin authored this influential book outlining mechanisms of evolution.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wallace's Contribution

Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived a theory of evolution similar to Darwin's.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Charles Darwin

An English Naturalist known for proposing the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Origin of Species

Darwin's book that presents evidence for evolution and natural selection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Evolutionary Thought Development

The progression of ideas regarding how species evolve over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Patterns of Descent

Observed similarities in traits among species that indicate common ancestry.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

General Biology 2 - Quarter 3 - Module 3: Evolution and Origin of Biodiversity

  • This module explores the patterns of descent from common ancestors to the diverse organisms of today.
  • Students will understand the connections between all organisms and investigate the development of evolutionary theories.
  • The module details the biological species concept, reproductive isolating mechanisms, and different modes of speciation.
  • It also explains the tremendous diversity among organisms, the contributions of key scientists to evolutionary thought, and Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Introductory Message

  • The self-learning module (SLM) is for home learning.
  • Each SLM contains pre-tests to assess prior knowledge, and post-tests to evaluate comprehension.
  • Answer keys are provided.
  • Use separate sheets for exercises and tests.
  • Consult with teachers or facilitators for any questions or difficulties.

Let Us Learn!

  • The module aims to uncover the patterns of descent with modification.
  • Learners will trace the evolution of evolutionary thoughts.
  • The biological species concept is defined, along with types of isolation (reproductive isolating mechanisms).
  • Different speciation modes (allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric speciation) will be examined.
  • Specific contributions of key evolutionary scientists, Charles Darwin, and Jean Baptiste Lamarck, will be highlighted.

Lesson: Patterns of Descent with Modification and Development of Evolutionary Thoughts

  • Multiple choice questions are included to test understanding of biological concepts.
  • The key types of isolation (geographic, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, gametic, hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility, hybrid breakdown) which affect fertilization and zygote formation are defined.
  • Different modes of speciation (allopatric, sympatric, and parapatric) are covered.
  • Key figures in evolutionary thought (Cuvier, Malthus, Darwin, Wallace) and their theories (catastrophism, evolution, natural selection) are discussed.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

General Biology 2 Quarter 3 Module 3 PDF

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser