Questions and Answers
Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP?
What releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment?
What splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e-?
Energized electrons from ____ are used to reduce NADP+.
Signup and view all the answers
Chlorophyll can be found in _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?
Signup and view all the answers
According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following particles can pass through the ATP synthase channel?
Signup and view all the answers
Light Reaction Inputs?
Signup and view all the answers
Light Reaction Outputs?
Signup and view all the answers
Light Reactions, Neither output or input?
Signup and view all the answers
Calvin Cycle Inputs?
Signup and view all the answers
Calvin Cycle Outputs?
Signup and view all the answers
Calvin Cycle, Neither output and input?
Signup and view all the answers
In the light reactions, light energy is used to oxidize?
Signup and view all the answers
The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the light reactions are used to reduce?
Signup and view all the answers
The Calvin cycle oxidizes the light-reactions product?
Signup and view all the answers
The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the Calvin cycle are used to reduce?
Signup and view all the answers
Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____?
Signup and view all the answers
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____.
Signup and view all the answers
How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which set of reactions uses H2O and produces O2?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the importance of the light-independent reactions in terms of carbon flow in the biosphere?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following molecules is the primary product of photosystem I?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the biological significance of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the light-dependent and light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which molecule is regenerated in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle? Without regeneration of this molecule, the Calvin cycle would stop.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the energy-containing products of glycolysis?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Light Reactions Overview
- ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to form ATP.
- Electrons passed along the electron transport chain release energy, which pumps hydrogen ions into the thylakoid compartment.
- Photosystem II initiates the splitting of water into O2, H+, and electrons.
- Energized electrons from photosystem I are responsible for reducing NADP+ to NADPH.
- Chlorophyll is a key component found in photosystems.
Photophosphorylation and Chemiosmosis
- Photophosphorylation describes ATP production resulting from light energy captured by chlorophyll.
- Proton gradient created by the movement of protons drives ATP synthesis according to the chemiosmotic hypothesis.
- Protons are the particles that pass through the ATP synthase channel.
Inputs and Outputs of Light Reactions
- Light reaction inputs include light, water, NADP+, and ADP.
- Outputs of the light reactions are ATP, NADPH, and O2.
- CO2, glucose, and G3P do not serve as inputs or outputs in light reactions.
Calvin Cycle Functionality
- The Calvin Cycle requires CO2, ATP, and NADPH as inputs.
- Outputs are ADP, NADP+, and G3P, while O2, light, and glucose are neither inputs nor outputs.
- The cycle oxidizes NADPH to NADP+, using electrons to reduce CO2 to G3P.
Carbon Fixation Detail
- Carbon fixation involves adding carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
- Six carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to generate one glucose molecule.
- Three ATP molecules are necessary to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules.
Importance of Light-Dependent and Light-Independent Reactions
- Light-dependent reactions utilize water and produce oxygen.
- Light-independent reactions convert gaseous CO2 into usable carbon in sugar form.
- Light-dependent reactions generate ATP and NADPH for use in light-independent reactions.
Role of Photosystem I
- Primary product of photosystem I is NADPH, essential for synthesizing sugars.
- The significance of light-independent reactions lies in their ability to convert atmospheric CO2 into sugar.
Conclusion
- RuBP is crucial in the regeneration phase of the Calvin cycle; without it, the cycle would cease to function.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Biology Chapter 10. Learn about ATP synthesis, electron transport chain, and the process of photosynthesis. Perfect for revision and exam preparation!
