Biology Chapter 10 Assessment

Questions and Answers

What happens during the process of cell division?

Cells divide into two new daughter cells.

How can a cell's DNA limit the cell's size?

Larger cells will have to depend more on its DNA.

What do cell volume, cell surface area, and the ratio of surface area to volume refer to?

Cell volume is the amount of space in the cell, cell surface area is the total area of the cell membrane, and the ratio of surface area to volume is SA:Volume.

How is a cell's potential growth affected by its ratio of surface area to volume?

Volume increases faster than surface area, which can cause the ratio to decrease, leading to potential problems for the cell. Signup and view all the answers

How do a cell's chromosomes change as it prepares to divide?

Well before cell division, each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical 'sister' chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between interphase and cell division?

Interphase is the time between cell divisions during which growth and preparation for cell division occurs. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during interphase?

Interphase is when cells grow and prepare for the cell cycle, making new proteins and organelles, and replicating chromosomes. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how DNA, centromere, chromosome, and chromatid are related.

DNA is genetic information; chromosomes contain condensed DNA; chromatids are identical parts of a chromosome; centromeres separate chromatids during mitosis. Signup and view all the answers

List the following events in correct sequence: anaphase, metaphase, prophase, and telophase.

Prophase: chromosomes become visible; Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the center; Anaphase: chromosome pairs separate; Telophase: chromosomes disperse in a tangle. Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of chromosomes in the new cells compare with the number in the original cell at the end of cell division?

The number of chromosomes in each of the two new cells and the original are the same. Signup and view all the answers

Summarize what happens during the cell cycle.

During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Process

Cells undergo division to create two new daughter cells, ensuring the continuation of life.

DNA and Cell Size

Larger cells increasingly rely on their DNA, which can limit their size due to slower information processing.

Key Cell Terms Defined

Cell Volume: The space occupied within the cell.
Cell Surface Area: The total area of the cell membrane that interacts with the environment.
Surface Area to Volume Ratio: A ratio crucial for understanding cell efficiency; as volume increases, surface area may not keep pace.

Growth Potential and Surface Area Ratio

The ratio of surface area to volume decreases as a cell grows, potentially leading to issues in nutrient uptake and waste elimination.

Chromosome Changes in Division

Prior to division, each chromosome replicates, resulting in two identical sister chromatids, ready to be divided during the process.

Interphase and Cell Division Link

Interphase is vital for cell growth and preparation and occurs between each division cycle, not part of the actual splitting process.

Events of Interphase

During interphase, cells grow, synthesize proteins, replicate chromosomes, and produce necessary organelles for division.

Relationship of Genetic Structures

DNA: The genetic material of an organism.
Chromosomes: Condensed structures of DNA within the nucleus.
Chromatids: Identical halves of a replicated chromosome.
Centromeres: The central region of a chromosome that separates chromatids during mitosis.

Sequence of Mitosis Events

Prophase: Chromosomes condense and centrioles move to opposite poles.
Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane.
Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and travel to opposite ends.
Telophase: Chromosomes unwind back into chromatin and the nuclear envelope begins to reform.

Chromosome Consistency Post-Division

Each daughter cell retains the same number of chromosomes as the original cell, ensuring genetic continuity.

Overview of the Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of growth (G1), DNA synthesis (S), preparation for mitosis (G2), and division (M), culminating in two new daughter cells that re-enter the cycle.

Description

Test your knowledge on cell division and the limitations of cell size based on DNA in this quiz covering key concepts from Chapter 10. Understand important terms like cell volume, surface area, and the ratio of surface area to volume. Perfect for revision and mastery of biological principles related to cells.