Recent

  • Show all results for ""
Biology Chapter 1: Sensations and Responses
37 Questions
3 Views

Biology Chapter 1: Sensations and Responses

Created by
@RealisticBlessing

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a spinal reflex?

  • Winking of eyes when light falls
  • Withdrawing legs from a hot surface (correct)
  • Blinking in response to a fast-moving object
  • All of the above

    • Cerebral reflexes are formed from the spinal cord.

    False

    What part of the nervous system controls activities beyond our conscious awareness?

    Autonomous nervous system

    The pathway of impulses in a reflex action is known as the __________.

    <p>reflex arc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the reflex arc with their functions:

    <p>Receptor = Receives the stimulus Sensory neuron = Carries impulses to the central nervous system Interneuron = Connects sensory and motor neurons Motor neuron = Carries response to the effector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the outer part of the spinal cord?

    <p>White matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Motor impulses enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the protective membranes surrounding the spinal cord called?

    <p>Meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The spinal cord connects to the body through _____ pairs of spinal nerves.

    <p>31</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space between the meninges and the central canal filled with?

    <p>Cerebrospinal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functions with their descriptions:

    <p>Spinal reflex = Involuntary response to stimuli Coordination = Performance of repeated movements such as walking Impulses transmission = Transmitting signals to and from the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reflex actions require conscious thought to occur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during a spinal reflex when the leg steps on something hot?

    <p>The leg withdraws automatically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves?

    <p>Peripheral Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the brain and is never reabsorbed into the blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protective membrane that covers the brain called?

    <p>meninges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system consists of the ________ and the peripheral nervous system.

    <p>central nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nerve carries impulses from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body?

    <p>Motor nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of the nervous system with their characteristics:

    <p>Central Nervous System = Includes the brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System = Includes cranial and spinal nerves Autonomous Nervous System = Regulates involuntary body functions Cerebrospinal Fluid = Provides cushioning for the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The brain is protected by a single-layered membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ system of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response.

    <p>sympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the response of the pupil in the eye under the sympathetic system?

    <p>The pupil dilates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an emergency situation, the parasympathetic system increases production of saliva.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the heart rate in the sympathetic system during an emergency?

    <p>Heart rate increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by an accumulation of an insoluble protein in the neural tissues of the brain is known as _____ disease.

    <p>Alzheimer's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following organs with their response during the sympathetic system:

    <p>Pupil = Dilates Trachea = Expands Heart = Beats faster Stomach = Slows down gastric activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the parasympathetic system?

    <p>It decreases heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The parasympathetic system causes peristalsis in the intestine to slow down.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for a healthy nervous system according to the content?

    <p>It is the basis of rhythmic body activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a neuron's axon?

    <p>Carries impulses from the cell body to outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Receptors can only respond to internal stimuli.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of stimuli?

    <p>External stimuli and internal stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system.

    <p>neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the parts of a neuron with their respective functions:

    <p>Dendron = Carries impulses from dendrites to the cell body Dendrite = Receives impulses from the adjacent neuron Axon = Longest filament carrying impulses away from the cell body Synaptic knob = Secretes neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the neuron carries impulses to the synaptic knob?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nervous system includes only the brain and spinal cord.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are specialized cells that receive stimuli called?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stimulus and Responses

    • Stimuli are sensory inputs that elicit responses in organisms.
    • External stimuli include environmental factors such as heat, cold, touch, and sound.
    • Internal stimuli arise from within the organism, e.g., hunger and thirst.

    Receptors

    • Specialized cells located in sense organs that detect stimuli are known as receptors.
    • Receptors convert stimuli into impulses, such as photoreceptors in the eyes and taste receptors on the tongue.

    Responses

    • Responses are initiated when impulses generated by receptors are transmitted to the brain.

    Nervous System Overview

    • The nervous system regulates and coordinates bodily functions.
    • Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and receptors.
    • Neurons are the fundamental units of the nervous system.

    Neuron Structure

    • Neurons have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
    • Key components include:
      • Dendron: Carries impulses from dendrites to the cell body.
      • Dendrite: Receives impulses from adjacent neurons.
      • Axon: Longest filament that transmits impulses from the cell body.
      • Axonite: Branches from the axon that lead to synaptic knobs.
      • Synaptic Knob: Releases neurotransmitters.

    Types of Nerve Fibers

    • Motor Nerves: Transmit impulses from the brain/spinal cord to body parts.
    • Mixed Nerves: Contain both sensory and motor fibers.

    Nervous System Classification

    • Divided into:
      • Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord.
      • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Comprised of cranial and spinal nerves, plus the autonomic nervous system.

    Brain Protection

    • The brain is encased in the skull and covered by protective membranes called meninges.
    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds the brain, maintaining pressure, providing nutrients, and offering protection.

    Spinal Cord

    • A tubular structure safeguarded within the vertebral column, it extends from the medulla oblongata.
    • Composed of:
      • White matter on the outside.
      • Grey matter on the inside containing a central canal.

    Spinal Nerves

    • Formed by merging nerve fibers from dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) roots.
    • Dorsal roots carry sensory impulses; ventral roots carry motor impulses.

    Spinal Cord Functions

    • Transmits impulses between the body and brain.
    • Coordinates repetitive movements like walking.
    • Initiates reflex actions.

    Reflex Actions

    • Involuntary responses to stimuli are termed reflex actions.
    • Examples include withdrawal from pain and blinking when an object approaches the eye.
    • Reflex Arcs consist of:
      • Receptor (detects stimulus).
      • Sensory neuron (sends impulses to the CNS).
      • Interneuron (connects sensory and motor neurons).
      • Motor neuron (carries commands to effectors).
      • Effector (carries out the response).

    Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

    • Regulates involuntary functions, divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

    Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Responses

    • Sympathetic responses prepare the body for emergency (e.g., pupil dilation, increased heart rate).
    • Parasympathetic responses promote restful states (e.g., pupil constriction, reduced heart rate).

    Importance of a Healthy Nervous System

    • Essential for rhythmic body activities; minor issues can disrupt physiological functions.

    Nervous System Diseases

    • Alzheimer’s Disease:
      • Caused by protein accumulation in the brain leading to neuron destruction.
      • Symptoms include memory loss and disorientation in social situations.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of sensations and responses in this biology quiz. This chapter covers concepts such as stimuli, receptors, and how organisms react to both external and internal stimuli. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms of sensory perception!

    More Quizzes Like This

    Sensation and Stimuli
    10 questions

    Sensation and Stimuli

    GladPanther avatar
    GladPanther
    Sensations and Receptors Quiz
    5 questions

    Sensations and Receptors Quiz

    MagicalTurquoise avatar
    MagicalTurquoise
    Taste Sensations and Organ of Taste Quiz
    28 questions

    Taste Sensations and Organ of Taste Quiz

    HarmoniousMagnolia avatar
    HarmoniousMagnolia
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser