Biology Chapter 1 Quiz

The study of the structures found within the body and the relationship to one another.

The study of the function of body parts and how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities.

Atom = Smallest unit of matter Cell = Smallest unit of life Tissue = Group of similar cells that work together Organs = Group of similar tissues that work together Organ System = Group of organs that work together for a common goal Organism = Organ systems working together to sustain life

<p>Responsiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sagittal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the abdominopelvic cavity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of building polymers by removing water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of breaking polymers back into monomers by adding water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus is the brain of the cell, containing DNA instructions and controlling cellular activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rough ER manufactures proteins and synthesizes phospholipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Golgi apparatus processes and modifies proteins and sends them to their destinations in vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The centrosome generates microtubules and contains centrioles, which are essential for cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, producing most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell membrane acts as a barrier, regulating what enters and exits the cell and maintaining its internal environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microtubules provide structural support for the cell, help maintain its shape, and assist in the movement of organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vesicles are small membrane-bound sacs that transport materials around the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes are the protein factories of the cell, where translation occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cell grows and synthesizes proteins and organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes condense, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cytoplasm completely divides, forming two separate daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epithelial tissue forms boundaries, protects, secretes substances, absorbs, and filters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Connective tissue supports, protects, binds other tissues together, and helps with movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle tissue contracts to cause movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nervous tissue transmits signals, controls body functions, and helps with communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple squamous epithelium allows for diffusion and filtration, providing a thin barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple cuboidal epithelium is involved in secretion and absorption processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple columnar epithelium is involved in absorption, secretion, and protecting the body from harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pseudostratified epithelium involves secretion, particularly of mucus, and moves substances using cilia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified squamous epithelium protects underlying tissues from abrasion and trauma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where protection is needed, such as the sweat glands and the larger ducts of some glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratified columnar epithelium is found in areas that require protection and secretion, such as the lining of the male urethra.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transitional epithelium allows for stretching and expansion, adjusting to changes in volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands secrete hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands release their secretions directly into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Areolar connective tissue supports and binds other tissues, acting as a universal packing material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adipose tissue provides insulation, stores energy, and cushions organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dense regular tissue attaches muscles to bones and bones to bones, providing great tensile strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic connective tissue allows tissues to recoil after stretching, providing flexibility and resilience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyaline cartilage is found in the nose, trachea, larynx, and the ends of bones, providing support, cushioning, and flexibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elastic cartilage provides flexibility and support, found in the external ear and epiglottis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrocartilage provides shock absorption and strong support, found in intervertebral discs and the menisci of the knee joint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood tissue carries nutrients, gases, wastes, and other substances throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skeletal muscle, also known as voluntary muscle, is attached to bones and allows for voluntary movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smooth muscle propels substances, such as food and urine, through internal passageways, found in the walls of hollow organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five major layers of the epidermis, from deep to superficial, are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the epidermis, protects the body from the environment, waterproofs the skin, and acts as a physical barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two layers of the dermis are the papillary layer and the reticular layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of areolar connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine sweat glands secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin, helping to regulate body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main risk factors for skin cancer are overexposure to UV radiation and frequent irritation of the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal cell carcinoma is found in the stratum basale and is typically treated with surgical excision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma is found in the stratum spinosum and is treated with radiation therapy or surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanomas are found in melanocytes and are considered the most deadly due to their high metastatic potential and resistance to chemotherapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Border</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate threat of a burn is dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A burn is considered a medical emergency when more than 25% of the body has second-degree burns, more than 10% of the body has third-degree burns, or if the face, hands, or feet have third-degree burns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First-degree burns only damage the epidermis, causing redness and pain. Second-degree burns damage both the epidermis and dermis, causing blisters and pain. Third-degree burns damage all layers of skin, including the subcutaneous fat, resulting in charred or white/grey skin and often a lack of pain due to nerve damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone is dense and solid, found in the outer layer of bones, and provides strength and support. Spongy bone is less dense, with spaces filled with bone marrow, found in the inner layer of bones, and provides flexibility and lightweight support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoclasts are responsible for breaking down bone tissue, dissolving the bony matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red bone marrow is a specialized tissue found in spongy bone, which produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bones are classified as long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A joint, also known as an articulation, is the point where two or more bones meet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three types of joints are synarthroses (immovable), amphiarthroses (slightly movable), and diarthroses (freely movable).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The types of synovial joints are ball-and-socket, hinge, condylar, saddle, pivot, and gliding joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The types of bone fractures are greenstick, fissured, comminuted, transverse, oblique, and spiral.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A simple fracture is a break that does not break the skin, keeping the bone fragments contained. An open fracture is a break that breaks the skin, exposing the bone to the outside environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bone spur is a bony projection that forms on the edge of a bone, often due to repetitive stress or overuse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plantar fasciitis is an inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, causing heel pain and discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by a decrease in bone density, making bones weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that involves wearing down of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and ultimately joint damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rickets is a condition characterized by soft bones due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone deformities, particularly in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lordosis is an exaggerated inward curvature of the lower spine, leading to a swayback appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disorder that causes soft tissues such as muscles, ligaments, and tendons, to be replaced by bone, progressively restricting movement and causing skeletal deformities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer that primarily affects children and young adults, often attacking the long bones of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers