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Questions and Answers
Protoctista, or protists, typically possess a single cell structure and are ______.
Protoctista, or protists, typically possess a single cell structure and are ______.
eukaryotes
Protozoans can obtain nutrition through means such as holozoic, saprozoic, or ______.
Protozoans can obtain nutrition through means such as holozoic, saprozoic, or ______.
symbiotic
The term ______ is reserved for protistans that lack chlorophyll.
The term ______ is reserved for protistans that lack chlorophyll.
Protozoa
Members of the Kingdom Protoctista usually reproduce through an asexual means called ______ fission.
Members of the Kingdom Protoctista usually reproduce through an asexual means called ______ fission.
The classification system proposed by Levine in 1980 recognized Protozoa as a sub Kingdom with ______ phyla.
The classification system proposed by Levine in 1980 recognized Protozoa as a sub Kingdom with ______ phyla.
The four classes of Protozoa were ______, Sarcodina, Sporozoa, and Ciliata.
The four classes of Protozoa were ______, Sarcodina, Sporozoa, and Ciliata.
Saprozoic nutrition involves feeding on ______ organic materials.
Saprozoic nutrition involves feeding on ______ organic materials.
The classification system proposed by Levine was approved by the Society of ______ in 1980.
The classification system proposed by Levine was approved by the Society of ______ in 1980.
Protozoans are considered the lowest forms of animals in terms of tissue organization and ______.
Protozoans are considered the lowest forms of animals in terms of tissue organization and ______.
Protozoa are recognized based on the type of ______ organelles they possess.
Protozoa are recognized based on the type of ______ organelles they possess.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Protozoa
- Protoctista, or protists, include unicellular or acellular organisms like protozoans and algae (excluding blue-green algae).
- Over 250,000 species of protoctists exist, characterized by their eukaryotic structure (presence of a nuclear membrane).
- Protozoa are considered the simplest animals in the animal kingdom due to their single-cell composition and low complexity.
- The term Protozoa specifically refers to protists that lack chlorophyll and do not photosynthesize.
- Nutrition types in protozoa include:
- Holozoic: intake of complex organic materials.
- Saprozoic: feeding on dead organic materials.
- Symbiotic: living in close biological relationships with other organisms.
- Reproduction in protozoa typically occurs via binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction.
Classification of Protozoa
- Traditionally classified as a Phylum with four classes: Mastigophora, Sarcodina, Sporozoa, and Ciliata, based on locomotory organelles.
- In 1980, Levine proposed a new classification system recognizing Protozoa as a subkingdom.
- The subkingdom Protozoa comprises seven phyla:
- Sarcomastigophora
- Acetospora
- Labyrinthomorpha
- Microspora
- Ciliophora
- Apicomplexa
- Myxozoa
- The classification system by Levine was endorsed by the Society of Protozoologists in 1980.
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