Biology Chapter 1
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of evolution?

  • It is a change in population size.
  • It involves learning new behaviors.
  • It is the genetic change in a species over time. (correct)
  • It occurs only in response to environmental changes.

Which sugar component distinguishes RNA from DNA?

  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Deoxyribose
  • Ribose (correct)

What process is illustrated by boiling an egg?

  • Hydrolysis
  • Condensation
  • Fermentation
  • Denaturation (correct)

Which of the following organisms may possess RNA as their only genetic material?

<p>Viruses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of observation in biology?

<p>Supernatural occurrences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring?

<p>heredity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of using and transforming energy in living organisms?

<p>metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the ability of living organisms to maintain stable internal conditions?

<p>homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of different tissues that work together in a multicellular organism called?

<p>organs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes all the populations of a particular kind of organism?

<p>species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper order for the hierarchy of increasing complexity?

<p>molecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What biological process is responsible for much of the diversity among flowering plants and their insect pollinators?

<p>cooperation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reasoning do scientists use when forming new hypotheses?

<p>inductive reasoning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific process?

<p>observation - hypothesis - predictions - experiment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic material is all organisms' genetic systems based on?

<p>DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics of water molecules contributes to its high heat of vaporization?

<p>Water is a polar molecule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom is known for containing photosynthetic organisms that primarily live in aquatic environments?

<p>Plantae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mass number of an atom defined as?

<p>The number of protons plus the number of neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom includes organisms that are unable to perform photosynthesis and digest food externally?

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many neutrons are present in an element with an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 14?

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which kingdom is characterized by non-photosynthetic organisms that digest their food internally?

<p>Animalia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group comprises the simplest organisms that lack a nucleus?

<p>Archaea and Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins made up of?

<p>Amino acids held together by peptide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which particle is primarily responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms?

<p>Electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region around a nucleus where electrons are likely to be found?

<p>Orbital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of protein structure determines all other levels?

<p>Primary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are atoms that have a positive or negative charge called?

<p>Ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are most enzymes classified as?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sugar is found in DNA?

<p>Deoxyribose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What carbohydrate do plants primarily use for energy storage?

<p>Starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes fatty acids that have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible?

<p>saturated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is a primary component of cell membranes?

<p>phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory explains that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce?

<p>theory of evolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process proposed by Charles Darwin involves the survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits?

<p>natural selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most elements in nature exist as:

<p>Mixtures of different isotopes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an electron is transferred from one atom to the next, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, the type of bond is a(n) ____ bond.

<p>Ionic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for groups of cells that share a similar structure and function?

<p>tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The type of bond that forms between two atoms when electrons are shared is a(n) ____ bond.

<p>Covalent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Weak chemical attractions that form when molecules are very close together are called ____.

<p>Van der Waals forces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A solution with a pH of 3 is highly ____.

<p>Acidic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Evolution

The process of gradual changes in the genetic makeup of a population over generations.

Denaturation

The process of altering the structure of a protein, often due to heat or pH changes, rendering it inactive.

RNA vs. DNA

RNA differs from DNA in its sugar molecule (ribose vs deoxyribose) and the use of uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) as a base.

Radioactive Isotopes

Atoms with unstable nuclei, emitting radiation.

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Applications of Radioactive Isotopes

Radioactive isotopes have various applications in science and medicine, including fossil dating and medical diagnostics.

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Water's Polarity

Water molecules have a positive and negative end due to uneven electron sharing, making it a polar molecule.

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Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Water molecules form weak bonds with each other called hydrogen bonds. These bonds are responsible for several unique properties of water.

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Plantae Kingdom

The kingdom of plants, characterized by multicellular organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.

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Fungi Kingdom

The kingdom of fungi, characterized by multicellular organisms that cannot produce their own food and obtain nutrients by digesting food externally.

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Animalia Kingdom

The kingdom of animals, characterized by multicellular organisms that cannot produce their own food and obtain nutrients by digesting food internally.

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Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

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Metabolism

The sum of all chemical reactions in a living organism.

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Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment.

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Organ

A structure composed of different tissues working together.

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Species

A group of organisms that can reproduce fertile offspring.

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Hierarchy of Complexity

The arrangement of biological structures from simplest to most complex: molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs.

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Cooperation in Nature

The mutual benefit between different species, like flowering plants and their insect pollinators, contributing to their diversity.

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Inductive Reasoning

A type of reasoning that uses observations and specific examples to formulate general principles and hypotheses.

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Scientific Method

A systematic process for scientific inquiry involving observation, hypothesis formation, prediction, and experimentation.

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DNA as the Genetic Basis

All organisms share a common genetic system based on DNA, carrying genetic information.

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What are proteins made of?

Proteins are made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

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What determines a protein's structure?

The primary structure of a protein, the sequence of amino acids, determines all other levels of protein structure.

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What are most enzymes made of?

Most enzymes are proteins.

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What sugar is in DNA?

The sugar found in DNA is deoxyribose.

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What's the plant energy storage?

Plants use starch to store energy.

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element but with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.

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Ionic Bond

A bond formed when an atom gains or loses an electron, creating ions with opposite charges that attract each other.

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Covalent Bond

A bond formed when two atoms share electrons.

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Van der Waals Forces

Weak attractions between molecules due to temporary shifts in electron distribution.

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Hydrophobic

The property of a substance that doesn't like water and repels it.

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What is the mass number?

The mass number of an atom represents the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

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How to find the number of neutrons

To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract its atomic number (number of protons) from its mass number.

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What determines how atoms react?

Electrons, specifically those in the outermost shell (valence electrons), determine how atoms interact with each other. This interaction governs how atoms can form chemical bonds.

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What is an orbital?

An orbital is a region of space around the nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found. It's not a fixed path, but a probability zone for the electron's location.

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What is an ion?

An ion is an atom that has gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net electrical charge. It can be either positively charged (cation) or negatively charged (anion).

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Saturated fatty acid

A fatty acid with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible, meaning it has no double bonds between carbon atoms.

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Phospholipids

The main component of cell membranes, they are molecules with a polar head and two nonpolar tails, forming a bilayer structure.

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Theory of Evolution

The idea that organisms evolve over time through natural selection, where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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Natural Selection

The process by which individuals with traits better suited for their environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits on to their offspring.

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