Biology Chapter 1: Introduction to Cells
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary distinction between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane. (correct)
  • Eukaryotic cells lack organelles. (correct)
  • Prokaryotic cells have a defined nucleus.
  • Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

    • Who was the first to use the term 'cell' in microscopy?

  • Theodor Schwann
  • Robert Hooke (correct)
  • Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
  • Robert Brown

    • Which statement is a component of the cell theory?

  • All organisms are made of cells. (correct)
  • All cells can perform photosynthesis.
  • Cells are the only unit that can reproduce independently.
  • All cells are prokaryotic in nature.

    • What did Mathias Schleiden conclude about plant cells?

    <p>All plants are made of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cell size vary among different organisms?

    <p>Frog's eggs can be seen with the naked eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant advancement that contributed to the study of cytology?

    <p>The development of light microscopes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist discovered the nucleus within a cell?

    <p>Robert Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic do cells have to increase their efficiency?

    <p>Cells exhibit specific specialties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Cells

    • The cell is the basic unit of all living organisms.
    • There are two types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic.

    Characteristics of Cells

    • Prokaryotic cells lack a nuclear membrane and membranous organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells have a clear nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane and cell organelles, and are typically larger than prokaryotic cells.

    History of Cell Study

    • The invention of the microscope by Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) allowed for the discovery of cells.
    • Robert Hooke (1635-1703) was the first to use the term "cell" when describing the structure of oak tree cortex.
    • Robert Brown (1831) discovered the nucleus of the cell.
    • Mathias Schleiden (1838) concluded that all plants are composed of cells.
    • Theodor Schwann (1839) concluded that all animals are composed of cells.

    Cell Theory

    • The cell theory is based on the work of Schleiden and Schwann.
    • Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
    • Cells arise from pre-existing cells through cell division.

    Cell Size and Function

    • Cell size varies, with the diameter of a frog's egg being 1 mm (visible to the naked eye).
    • Most cells are smaller than 1 mm, with human eggs being around 100 micrometers or less.
    • Cells have specialized structures to increase the efficiency of various functions.

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    Description

    Understand the basics of cells, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and their structure and function.

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