Biology Chapter 1 & 3 Quiz

A type of membrane protein that allows the passage of large molecules or ions across the cell membrane. They are highly specific and bind to specific substances, facilitating their movement.

A process where molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a semi-permeable membrane, without requiring cellular energy.

A type of passive transport where molecules move directly through the lipid bilayer, without the assistance of any membrane proteins.

A type of passive transport that involves the movement of molecules through specific protein channels or carriers in the membrane.

A type of transport that requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.

A type of active transport that directly uses energy from ATP to move molecules across the membrane.

A form of active transport that uses the potential energy stored in the concentration gradient of one molecule to power the movement of another molecule against its concentration gradient.

Sodium, calcium, and chloride ions have higher concentrations outside the cell, while potassium has a higher concentration inside the cell.

The process by which cells engulf and internalize substances from their surroundings.

A type of endocytosis where cells ingest small amounts of extracellular fluid.

A type of endocytosis where cells engulf large solid particles.

A type of endocytosis where cells specifically bind to and engulf substances using receptors on their surface.

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution.

Tunnels or pores in the cell membrane that allow specific ions or molecules to pass through based on size and charge. Movement is fast.

A type of muscle found in the walls of internal organs (like the stomach and bladder), blood vessels, and airways. It contracts involuntarily, meaning it's not under conscious control.

The process in which smooth muscle contracts. It involves a series of steps that activate myosin and initiate cross-bridge cycling, which pulls on actin filaments, causing the muscle cell to shorten.

A type of neuroglia that forms myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). They help speed up nerve impulse transmission.

A type of neuroglia found in the central nervous system (CNS) that forms myelin sheaths around axons. They help to speed up nerve impulse transmission.

The external, cytoplasmic part of Schwann cells that surround axons. It's also known as the "neurilemma".

Tiny gaps between Schwann cells that form myelin sheaths around axons. They allow for faster nerve impulse transmission.

Areas in the brain and spinal cord that contain mostly neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. It appears grayish in colour due to the lack of myelin.

Areas in the brain and spinal cord that contain mostly myelinated axons. It appears white due to the presence of myelin.

A group of interconnected nuclei located deep within the cerebrum that play a crucial role in planning and coordinating movement. They work in conjunction with the cerebral cortex.

A stage of sleep characterized by the presence of alpha brain waves, which are relatively slow and rhythmic. It represents a transition from wakefulness to sleep.

The area of the brain responsible for processing sensory information from the body, including touch, temperature, and pressure. Located in the postcentral gyrus.

The part of the brain that receives visual information from the eyes and is responsible for perceiving light, color, shape, and movement. Located in the occipital lobe at the back of the brain.

The area of the brain that plays a crucial role in maintaining balance and equilibrium. Located in the insula.

The region of the brain responsible for the perception of sensations from internal organs, such as pain or pressure.

The region of the brain that receives auditory information and helps in interpreting and recognizing sounds. Located in the temporal lobes.

The part of the brain that interprets and recognizes touch and textures. Located in the post central gyrus, right next to the primary somatosensory cortex.

The region of the brain that recognizes and interprets visual stimuli. Located in the occipital lobe.

The area of the brain responsible for planning and coordinating voluntary movements. Located in the frontal lobe, right before the primary motor cortex.

Located in the precentral gyrus, this area sends signals to muscles to initiate voluntary movements.

Involved in producing speech, this area controls muscle movements required for speaking. Located in the left frontal lobe.

The eardrum, a thin membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves, is the first part of the ear to pick up sound.

The middle ear houses three tiny bones called the malleus, incus, and stapes, which amplify and transfer vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.

The cochlea, a spiral-shaped fluid-filled structure, contains the Organ of Corti, which houses hair cells that are responsible for converting sound vibrations into electrical signals.

The basilar membrane within the cochlea vibrates at different locations depending on the frequency of the sound. High-frequency sounds vibrate near the base, while low-frequency sounds vibrate near the apex.

Hair cells, sensory receptors within the Organ of Corti, bend in response to basilar membrane vibrations. This bending opens ion channels, generating electrical signals that travel to the brain via the auditory nerve.