Introduction to Biology and Cellular Biology
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Questions and Answers

Which of these options are correct? (Select all that apply)

  • Protozoa are multicellular organisms.
  • Fungi play roles in decomposition and nutrient cycling. (correct)
  • Viruses are non-cellular entities that require a host cell to replicate. (correct)
  • Bacteria are eukaryotic organisms.

    • What is the primary process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy?

  • Transpiration
  • Photosynthesis (correct)
  • Fermentation
  • Respiration

    • Which of these is NOT a component of plant biology?

  • Animal physiology (correct)
  • Plant reproduction
  • Plant morphology
  • Plant physiology

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of animal biology?

    <p>Study of plant morphology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a primary factor contributing to habitat loss and species extinction?

    <p>Sustainable farming practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental unit of life?

    <p>Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

    <p>Prokaryotic cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of DNA in genetics?

    <p>To carry genetic information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which species change over time called?

    <p>Evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key mechanism of evolution that favors organisms better suited to their environment?

    <p>Natural selection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment called?

    <p>Ecology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the living components of an ecosystem called?

    <p>Biotic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a subdiscipline of biology?

    <p>Chemistry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Biology

    The scientific study of life, encompassing structure, function, growth, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

    Cell

    The fundamental unit of life, exhibiting high organization with various organelles.

    Prokaryotic Cells

    Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, examples include bacteria and archaea.

    Eukaryotic Cells

    Cells that contain a nucleus and complex membrane-bound organelles, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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    Genes

    Segments of DNA that provide instructions for building proteins and determining traits.

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    Natural Selection

    A mechanism of evolution where organisms better suited to their environment survive and reproduce.

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    Ecology

    The study of interactions between organisms and their environment, including biotic and abiotic components.

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    Biodiversity

    The variety of life in a particular ecosystem or region, encompassing different species and genetic variation.

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    Microbiology

    The branch of biology that studies microscopic organisms like bacteria and viruses.

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    Bacteria

    Single-celled prokaryotic organisms crucial for nutrient cycling and decomposition.

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    Plant photosynthesis

    The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.

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    Animal physiology

    The study of internal processes and adaptations in animals.

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    Protozoa

    Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that can be free-living or parasitic.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Biology

    • Biology is the scientific study of life, encompassing the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.
    • It's a broad field encompassing subdisciplines like botany, zoology, microbiology, and ecology.
    • Biological principles are applicable in medicine, agriculture, and environmental science.
    • Biology integrates knowledge from chemistry, physics, and mathematics.

    Cellular Biology

    • The cell is the fundamental unit of life.
    • Cells are highly organized with organelles performing specific functions.
    • Prokaryotic cells (bacteria and archaea) lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
    • Eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, and protists) have a nucleus and complex membrane-bound organelles.
    • Cell membranes regulate the passage of substances.
    • Cellular processes like respiration, photosynthesis, and protein synthesis are vital for life.

    Genetics

    • Genetics studies heredity and variations in inherited traits.
    • Genes are DNA segments that code for proteins.
    • DNA is a double-stranded helix carrying genetic information.
    • RNA plays a role in protein synthesis.
    • Mutations change the genetic code, leading to variations.
    • Mendelian genetics describes inheritance patterns based on dominance, recessiveness, and segregation.

    Evolution

    • Evolution is the process of species change over time.
    • Natural selection is a key evolutionary mechanism where organisms better suited to their environment thrive and reproduce.
    • Adaptations enhance survival and reproduction in specific environments.
    • The fossil record supports the gradual evolution of life forms.
    • Common ancestry connects different species through shared evolutionary history.

    Ecology

    • Ecology studies the interactions between organisms and their environment.
    • Ecosystems consist of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components.
    • Food webs show energy flow and relationships in ecosystems.
    • Biodiversity is the variety of life in a region or ecosystem.
    • Human activities impact ecosystems, causing habitat loss and extinction.

    Microbiology

    • Microbiology studies microscopic organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.
    • Bacteria, prokaryotic single-celled organisms, play crucial roles in ecosystems (e.g., nutrient cycling, decomposition).
    • Viruses are non-cellular entities needing a host cell to replicate.
    • Fungi are eukaryotic organisms involved in decomposition and nutrient cycling.
    • Protozoa, single-celled eukaryotes, can be free-living or parasitic.

    Plant Biology

    • Plant biology studies plants, including their structure, function, reproduction, and evolution.
    • Plants are producers, converting light energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis.
    • Plant morphology describes plant structure.
    • Plant physiology examines internal processes (e.g., water transport, nutrient absorption).
    • Plant reproduction includes sexual and asexual methods.

    Animal Biology

    • Animal biology studies animal structure, function, development, evolution, and behavior.
    • Animal diversity encompasses vertebrates (with backbones) and invertebrates (without backbones).
    • Animal physiology explores internal processes and adaptations.
    • Animal behavior (ethology) studies animal interactions with their environment and each other.
    • Animal evolution traces the evolutionary history and relationships among animals.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of biology, covering essential topics such as the structure and function of living organisms. This quiz delves into cellular biology, differentiating between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells while highlighting their importance in various biological processes.

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