Biology Cells and Life Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the vocabulary term with its correct definition.

Carbohydrates = macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together Lipids = long chains of amino acid molecules Nucleic Acids = large macromolecules that do not dissolve in water Proteins = made up of one sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules

In a ___, genetic material is NOT surrounded by a membrane.

prokaryotic cell

A network of threadlike proteins that are joined together is called what?

cytoskeleton

Structures called ___ have specialized functions.

organelles Signup and view all the answers

A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules is called ___.

cytoplasm (D) Signup and view all the answers

The ___ is a flexible covering that controls what enters and leaves the cell.

cell membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

A stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects and supports the cell is called ___.

cell wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

___ is a membrane-bound organelle that converts energy into food for the cell using a process known as photosynthesis.

chloroplast (D) Signup and view all the answers

An organelle that breaks down food particles and worn out parts is called the ___.

lysosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

An organelle that transports materials in the cell is called the ___.

Golgi body (A) Signup and view all the answers

An organelle that receives, packages, and distributes materials is called the ___.

Golgi body (C) Signup and view all the answers

The ___ is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it produces energy.

mitochondria (D) Signup and view all the answers

Proteins are made on a small structure called a ___.

ribosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

A ___ is a storage area for the cell.

vacuole (B) Signup and view all the answers

This organelle is known as the command center because it directs the cell's activities.

nucleus (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do macromolecules form?

Macromolecules form by the joining of smaller subunits called monomers. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular components with their respective functions:

Component Function

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Chloroplast

Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Vacuole

Component	Function
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Vacuole

Cell wall = Provides structural support and protection, particularly in plant cells Cell membrane = Regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell Chloroplast = Site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy Cytoplasm = Gel-like substance within the cell, housing organelles and other cell components Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) = Network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism Golgi apparatus = Processes and distributes proteins and lipids throughout the cell Lysosomes = Cellular recycling center, breaking down waste materials and cellular debris Mitochondria = Powerhouse of the cell, site of cellular respiration, generating ATP Nucleus = Control center of the cell, houses DNA containing genetic instructions Ribosomes = Sites of protein synthesis, where amino acids are assembled into proteins Vacuole = Storage compartment for water, nutrients, and waste Signup and view all the answers

Explain the difference between passive transport and active transport.

Passive transport does not require energy and moves molecules down their concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Active transport requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from low to high concentration. Signup and view all the answers

In what two parts of the cell does cellular respiration occur?

cytoplasm and mitochondria (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which food is produced by lactic-acid fermentation? (Extra Credit)

bread (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct equation for the process of cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP (energy) (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process do plants use to make food by using light?

photosynthesis (C) Signup and view all the answers

Identify three things a plant needs to make food during photosynthesis.

Plants need sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food during photosynthesis. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the way the processes of endocytosis and exocytosis transport substances across cell membranes.

Endocytosis is the process of taking substances into the cell by engulfing them in a membrane-bound vesicle. Exocytosis is the process of releasing substances from the cell by fusing a vesicle containing the substances with the cell membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Moving Cellular Materials

Does NOT use the cell's energy to move throughout the cell membrane

Uses the cell's energy to move throughout the cell membrane

Cells and Energy

Name the three types of reactions that we discussed in Lesson 4. You will need to include the two specific types of this reaction for the middle box.

Passive transport Active transport Catabolic reactions <ul> <li> Cellular respiration </li> <li> Fermentation </li> </ul> Anabolic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbohydrates

Large molecules made from one, two, or many sugar molecules.

Lipids

Large molecules that don't dissolve in water.