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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the term for the study of heredity and variation?
Which type of cell has a nucleus?
What is the primary mechanism of evolution?
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What is the term for the exchange of genes between populations?
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What is the primary component of an ecosystem?
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What is the term for the study of preserving and protecting biodiversity?
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What is the primary cause of species extinction?
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What is the term for the release of harmful substances into the environment?
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What is the term for the clearance of forests for human activities?
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Study Notes
Biology
Cells
- Basic units of life
- Consist of cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA)
- Types:
- Prokaryotic (no nucleus): bacteria, archaea
- Eukaryotic (nucleus present): plants, animals, fungi, protists
Genetics
- Study of heredity and variation
- Key concepts:
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): genetic material
- Genes: sequences of DNA that code for traits
- Chromosomes: thread-like structures carrying genes
- Inheritance patterns: Mendel's laws
Evolution
- Change in species over time through natural selection and genetic drift
- Mechanisms:
- Mutation: change in DNA sequence
- Gene flow: exchange of genes between populations
- Genetic drift: random change in gene frequency
- Natural selection: survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits
Environmental Science
Ecosystems
- Communities of living and non-living components interacting in a specific environment
- Components:
- Biotic: living organisms (plants, animals, microorganisms)
- Abiotic: non-living factors (light, temperature, water, soil)
Conservation Biology
- Study of preserving and protecting biodiversity
- Key concepts:
- Habitat destruction: human activities leading to loss of natural habitats
- Species extinction: permanent loss of a species
- Endangered species: species at risk of extinction
- Conservation strategies: habitat restoration, species reintroduction, protected areas
Human Impact on the Environment
- Human activities affecting the environment:
- Pollution: release of harmful substances into the environment
- Climate change: global warming and associated impacts
- Resource depletion: overuse of natural resources
- Deforestation: clearance of forests for human activities
Biology
Cells
- Cells are the basic units of life, consisting of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material (DNA or RNA)
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, examples include bacteria and archaea
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, examples include plants, animals, fungi, and protists
Genetics
- Genetics is the study of heredity and variation
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that contains genes, which are sequences of DNA that code for traits
- Chromosomes are thread-like structures that carry genes
- Inheritance patterns are explained by Mendel's laws
Evolution
- Evolution is the change in species over time through natural selection and genetic drift
- Mutations occur when there is a change in DNA sequence
- Gene flow is the exchange of genes between populations
- Genetic drift is the random change in gene frequency
- Natural selection is the survival and reproduction of individuals with favorable traits
Environmental Science
Ecosystems
- Ecosystems are communities of living and non-living components interacting in a specific environment
- Biotic components include living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms
- Abiotic components include non-living factors such as light, temperature, water, and soil
Conservation Biology
- Conservation biology is the study of preserving and protecting biodiversity
- Habitat destruction is the human activity that leads to the loss of natural habitats
- Species extinction is the permanent loss of a species
- Endangered species are species at risk of extinction
- Conservation strategies include habitat restoration, species reintroduction, and protected areas
Human Impact on the Environment
- Human activities affect the environment through pollution, climate change, resource depletion, and deforestation
- Pollution is the release of harmful substances into the environment
- Climate change is global warming and its associated impacts
- Resource depletion is the overuse of natural resources
- Deforestation is the clearance of forests for human activities
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Description
Test your knowledge of the basic units of life, including cell structure and types, as well as the fundamentals of genetics, including DNA, genes, and inheritance patterns.
