Biology: Cell Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes, while prokaryotic cells have them.
  • Prokaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells do not.
  • Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.
  • Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. (correct)

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of structure and function in biology?

  • The flow of energy through an ecosystem from producers to consumers.
  • The process of natural selection leading to adaptation.
  • The ability of the human body to maintain a constant body temperature.
  • The flat shape of a leaf maximizing light capture for photosynthesis. (correct)

What role does the Golgi apparatus play within a eukaryotic cell?

  • Processing and packaging proteins and lipids. (correct)
  • Generating ATP through cellular respiration.
  • Synthesizing proteins from mRNA templates.
  • Breaking down cellular waste and debris.

Which type of cell membrane transport requires the direct input of energy (ATP)?

<p>Active transport of ions against their concentration gradient. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In endocrine signaling, how do cells communicate with each other?

<p>By releasing hormones that travel through the bloodstream. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

<p>To align and separate chromosomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

<p>To produce ATP and NADPH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycolysis occur within a cell?

<p>Cytoplasm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following processes is NOT a form of endocytosis?

<p>Exocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

What is Biology?

The scientific study of life, covering a wide range of topics from molecular mechanisms to ecosystems.

Evolution

The process by which populations of organisms change over time, driven by natural selection.

Genetics

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics through genes.

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

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Prokaryotic Cells

Simpler cells lacking a nucleus and complex organelles; examples include bacteria and archaea.

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Eukaryotic Cells

More complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; examples include protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

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Cell Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier enclosing the cell, composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, regulating substance passage.

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Nucleus

The control center of eukaryotic cells, containing DNA organized into chromosomes.

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Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that break down cellular waste and debris through intracellular digestion.

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Glycolysis

Cellular respiration stage in the cytoplasm, breaking down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.

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Study Notes

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