Biology Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of a selectively permeable membrane?

  • It allows the passage of only small molecules.
  • It allows the passage of certain substances based on size and type. (correct)
  • It allows all substances to pass through.
  • It allows the passage of only large molecules.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for cell division?

  • Production of energy for the cell (correct)
  • Growth of an organism
  • Replacement of damaged cells
  • Reproduction of organisms

What cellular structure serves as a transport network for materials within the cell?

  • Endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
  • Cell wall
  • Golgi body
  • Vacuole

Which of the following features is characteristic of asexual reproduction?

<p>Involves only one parent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?

<p>Ribosome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interphase in the cell cycle?

<p>Cell growth and DNA replication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anaphase?

<p>Cytoplasm divides to form two identical daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between a benign and a malignant tumor?

<p>Benign tumors do not interfere with the functioning of surrounding cells, while malignant tumors do (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure is responsible for energy production and is abundant in highly active cells like muscle cells?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle does the cytoplasm divide, creating two daughter cells?

<p>Cytokinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

<p>Transmission of information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of muscle tissue?

<p>Movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue transmits information around the body?

<p>Nerve tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stem cell?

<p>A cell that can divide to form specialized cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellular differentiation?

<p>The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of saliva in the digestive process?

<p>To lubricate food for easier swallowing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system absorbs the majority of nutrients from digested food?

<p>Small intestine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine in the digestive process?

<p>To absorb most of the water from undigested food. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the stomach in food digestion?

<p>Breaking down carbohydrates into simple sugars. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of specialized proteins are produced in the stomach lining to aid in digestion?

<p>Enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of sexual reproduction?

<p>Involves two parents and genetic variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the speed of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?

<p>Typically faster since it does not require a mate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular process does water specifically move across a membrane?

<p>Osmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle involves the formation of a new cell wall?

<p>Cytokinesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does the membrane of the nucleus completely dissolve?

<p>Metaphase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the blood?

<p>To carry nutrients and oxygen to cells throughout the body. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental principle of cell theory?

<p>All living things are made up of one or more cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?

<p>To pump blood throughout the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

<p>Prokaryotes do not contain membrane-bound organelles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood?

<p>Producing hormones. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the lungs in the body?

<p>To provide oxygen to the blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one characteristic unique to plant cells compared to animal cells?

<p>They contain chloroplasts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the heart, blood, and lungs?

<p>The blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the heart, which then pumps it throughout the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes animal cells?

<p>Animal cells do not perform photosynthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic that distinguishes a plant cell's structure?

<p>Presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epiglottis in the respiratory system?

<p>To prevent food from entering the trachea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of organ transplantation?

<p>May require lifelong medication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a potential risk associated with organ transplantation?

<p>The recipient may reject the donated organ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tube that carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs?

<p>Trachea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Regulate body temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the brain in the nervous system?

<p>Processes sensory information and controls body functions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system primarily interacts with the respiratory system?

<p>Circulatory system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main tissue types found in plants?

<p>Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the nervous system is responsible for sending signals around the body?

<p>Neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of plant roots?

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of xylem in plants?

<p>To transport water and minerals from roots to leaves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phloem cells differ from xylem cells?

<p>Phloem cells can move nutrients both upward and downward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do guard cells play in the process of gas exchange?

<p>They open and close the stomata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is summarized by the equation: Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen?

<p>Photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site for gas exchange in a leaf?

<p>Stomata (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Sexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving two parents, combining their genetic material to create offspring with variation.

Asexual Reproduction

Reproduction involving a single parent, creating genetically identical offspring.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

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Cell Cycle

The process of a cell dividing into two daughter cells.

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Cell Theory

All living things are composed of one or more cells and their products. The cell is the fundamental unit of life, capable of carrying out essential processes. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

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Prokaryotic Cell

A cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria and archaea.

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Eukaryotic Cell

A cell with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

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Plant vs. Animal Cells

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a large central vacuole, and a fixed shape. Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts, have smaller vacuoles, and are more flexible in shape.

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Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions. They are bound by membranes and work together to keep the cell alive.

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What is selective permeability?

The cell membrane only allows certain substances to pass through, like water and oxygen, but blocks larger molecules like proteins.

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What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubes and pockets that transports materials like proteins throughout the cell.

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Why do cells divide?

Cell division allows organisms to grow bigger, repair damaged cells, and reproduce.

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What makes sexual reproduction unique?

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and uses special cells called gametes to create offspring.

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What's special about asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction uses only one parent to create offspring and produces clones that are genetically identical.

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Anaphase

The stage of the cell cycle where the chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

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Cytokinesis

The stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

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Interphase

The stage of the cell cycle where the cell performs its normal functions and copies its DNA in preparation for division.

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Benign Tumor

A tumor that does not spread to other parts of the body and does not interfere with the functioning of surrounding cells.

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Malignant Tumor

A tumor that can spread to other parts of the body and interferes with the functioning of surrounding cells.

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Cellular Differentiation

The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function.

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Stem Cell

An undifferentiated cell that divides to form specialized cells.

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What are the functions of connective tissue?

Connective tissue serves several purposes:

  • Protection from dehydration (like skin)
  • Holds bones and muscles in place
  • Cushions bones from rubbing against each other
  • Facilitates heart movement
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What is the main function of muscle tissue?

Muscle tissue allows for movement. It contracts and relaxes to move organs, including the heart.

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What is the primary role of nerve tissue?

Nerve tissue transmits information throughout the body, including the brain. It allows us to feel, think, and move.

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Epiglottis Function

The epiglottis, a flap of skin, covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing, preventing food from entering the airway.

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Organ Transplantation Benefits and Risks

Organ transplantation offers a chance for survival, but is expensive, risky, and faces challenges like donor availability and rejection.

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What is the function of the musculoskeletal system?

The musculoskeletal system is responsible for providing support, structure, movement, and protection to the body.

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What is digestion?

The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy and building blocks.

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What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

Enzymes are special proteins produced in the stomach lining that speed up the breakdown of food molecules. They work by breaking the chemical bonds holding food molecules together.

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What is the main function of the small intestine?

The small intestine is where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs. The lining is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi that increase surface area for efficient nutrient uptake.

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What happens in the large intestine?

The large intestine absorbs excess water from undigested food, forming waste. This waste is then expelled from the body through the anus.

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What is the function of saliva in digestion?

Saliva is a watery fluid produced in the mouth that moistens food and starts the digestion process. It contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates.

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What is the heart's role in the body?

The heart is a powerful pump that circulates blood throughout the body. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the lungs to be refreshed.

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What are the key functions of blood?

Blood has many important functions, including transporting oxygen and nutrients to cells, removing waste products like carbon dioxide, and protecting the body from diseases.

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What is the primary function of the lungs?

The lungs are responsible for taking in oxygen from the air and transferring it to the blood. They also remove carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the blood and release it into the air.

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Why is oxygen important for the body?

Oxygen is essential for the body's cells to function and produce energy. Without oxygen, cells would quickly die.

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What is carbon dioxide and what happens to it?

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of cell function that needs to be removed from the body. It is transported by blood to the lungs and exhaled.

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What are the main organs of the nervous system and their functions?

The brain is the control center, processing information and issuing commands. Sense organs gather information from the environment. The spinal cord acts as a highway, relaying messages between the brain and the body.

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What is a neuron?

A neuron is a specialized nerve cell responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body. They are the building blocks of the nervous system.

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Which system tells us when we need to eat or drink?

The nervous system, especially the brain, is responsible for feeling hunger and thirst. It detects changes in the body like low blood sugar or dehydration and sends signals to trigger the urge to eat or drink.

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Which organ system interacts with most other systems?

The circulatory system interacts with many other systems as it provides nutrients and oxygen to all cells and removes waste products. It's like the body's transport network.

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What are two systems that interact with the circulatory system?

The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood, which is then transported by the circulatory system. The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that the circulatory system carries to cells.

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What is the plant transport system?

A two-way transport system in plants where xylem carries water and minerals upwards from the roots to other parts, and phloem carries sugars downwards from leaves to other parts.

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What are stomata?

Tiny openings on the underside of leaves, surrounded by guard cells, that allow gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen to enter and exit.

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What are guard cells?

Specialized cells surrounding stomata, responsible for opening and closing them to regulate gas exchange.

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What is photosynthesis?

Process that takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

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How are leaves structured for photosynthesis?

The structures in a leaf that absorb light from the sun, contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, and are arranged in layers for efficient light capture.

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