Biology Cell Division Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the longest part of cell division?

interphase

What is replicated during mitosis?

DNA

What are chromosomes called when they form an X shape?

chromatids

What is the spindle made of during mitosis?

<p>microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase occurs when the chromosomes line up on the equator?

<p>metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called when animal cells form two cells?

<p>cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant cells divide by building a new _____ _____ inside the cell.

<p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process replicates chromosomes and creates two daughter cells?

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phases of mitosis with their descriptions:

<p>Interphase = Preparation for cell division Prophase = Chromosomes condense and the spindle apparatus forms Metaphase = Chromosomes line up at the cell's equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids are pulled apart Telophase = Nuclear membranes reform around the two sets of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes paired chromosomes?

<p>homologous</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells that have two sets of chromosomes?

<p>diploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cells that have one set of chromosomes?

<p>haploid</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process results in four daughter cells being formed?

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes four chromatids in a structure during meiosis?

<p>tetrad</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is it called when chromatids exchange portions?

<p>crossing over</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the notation for diploid cells?

<p>2n</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sex cells called?

<p>gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Metaphase I of meiosis?

<p>homologs line up alone on the equator</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during telophase II?

<p>nuclear membrane reforms, cytoplasm divides, 4 daughter cells form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase occurs when crossing over happens?

<p>prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during Anaphase I?

<p>spindle fibers move homologous chromosomes to opposite sides</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Anaphase II?

<p>chromatids separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Telophase I?

<p>cytoplasm divides, 2 daughter cells are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the egg-making process, even though 4 daughter cells are formed, only one will be an egg and the other three are called ______ ______.

<p>polar bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the sperm-making process, 4 sperm cells are formed ___ boys and ___ girls.

<p>two</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis is a ______ reproduction.

<p>sexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis is a ______ reproduction.

<p>asexual</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does meiosis occur?

<p>humans, plants, animals, fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does mitosis occur?

<p>all organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Meiosis is genetically?

<p>different</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis is genetically?

<p>identical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mixing of chromosomes (crossing over) occurs only in?

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cellular reproduction reduces the chromosome number by half?

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of asexual reproduction that produces an exact replica of a cell?

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pairing of homologs happens in ___ not ___

<p>meiosis, not mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process provides genetic diversity through sexual reproduction?

<p>meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cellular reproduction is involved in general growth and repair of the body?

<p>mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many divisions does meiosis have?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many divisions does mitosis have?

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

<p>4 haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis?

<p>2 diploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, the chromosome number is ________ but during mitosis it _______.

<p>reduced by half, remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the steps of meiosis I and Meiosis II:

<p>Meiosis I = Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I Meiosis II = Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the steps of mitosis:

<p>Prophase = Chromosomes condense and spindle forms Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the equator Anaphase = Sister chromatids pulled apart Telophase = Nuclear membrane reforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, when does cytokinesis occur?

<p>Telophase I and Telophase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

During mitosis, when does cytokinesis occur?

<p>telophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, when do the centromeres not separate?

<p>anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

During meiosis, when do the centromeres separate?

<p>anaphase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does meiosis create?

<p>sex cells only: female egg cells or male sperm cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mitosis create?

<p>anything other than sex cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

  • Interphase is the longest phase of cell division, during which the cell prepares for mitosis.
  • Mitosis results in DNA replication, ensuring each daughter cell receives identical genetic information.

Chromosomal Structures

  • Chromatids refer to chromosomes that have formed an X shape during cell division.
  • Homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Stages of Mitosis

  • Mitosis includes distinct stages: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
  • Microtubules form the spindle apparatus during mitosis, essential for chromosome movement.

Cell Division Procedures

  • Metaphase is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the cell's equator.
  • Cytokinesis occurs in animal cells when the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.
  • In plant cells, a new cell wall forms during division.

Types of Cell Division

  • Mitosis is the process that creates two genetically identical diploid daughter cells through a single division.
  • Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells via two rounds of cell division.

Meiosis Specifics

  • Crossing over occurs during Prophase I, increasing genetic diversity by exchanging portions of chromatids.
  • A tetrad consists of four chromatids formed during meiosis.
  • In females, only one egg cell is viable from four daughter cells; the other three are polar bodies.

Gametes and Chromosome Numbers

  • Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n), while haploid cells have one set (n).
  • Gametes include sex cells (eggs and sperm), which carry genetic information for reproduction.

Phases of Meiosis

  • Meiosis I: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I.
  • Meiosis II: Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
  • Chromosomes reduce by half during meiosis, while the number stays the same during mitosis.

Key Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis

  • Mitosis is asexual reproduction responsible for growth and repair, while meiosis is sexual reproduction that generates genetic diversity.
  • Mitosis involves one division leading to two diploid cells; meiosis involves two divisions resulting in four haploid cells.
  • The centromeres split during anaphase in mitosis but do not separate during anaphase I of meiosis.

Cytokinesis and its Role

  • Cytokinesis in mitosis occurs during Telophase, whereas in meiosis, it occurs in both Telophase I and II.

Genetic Implications

  • Mitosis produces identical cells for tissue regeneration, while meiosis creates diversity necessary for evolution through sexual reproduction.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of cell division, including the phases of mitosis and the structures involved, like chromatids and homologous chromosomes. You will explore the distinct stages of mitosis and the differences in division processes between animal and plant cells. Test your understanding of how cells replicate and divide!

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