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Questions and Answers
What is the longest part of cell division?
What is the longest part of cell division?
interphase
What is replicated during mitosis?
What is replicated during mitosis?
DNA
What are chromosomes called when they form an X shape?
What are chromosomes called when they form an X shape?
chromatids
What is the spindle made of during mitosis?
What is the spindle made of during mitosis?
What phase occurs when the chromosomes line up on the equator?
What phase occurs when the chromosomes line up on the equator?
What is the process called when animal cells form two cells?
What is the process called when animal cells form two cells?
Plant cells divide by building a new _____ _____ inside the cell.
Plant cells divide by building a new _____ _____ inside the cell.
What process replicates chromosomes and creates two daughter cells?
What process replicates chromosomes and creates two daughter cells?
Match the following phases of mitosis with their descriptions:
Match the following phases of mitosis with their descriptions:
What term describes paired chromosomes?
What term describes paired chromosomes?
What is the term for cells that have two sets of chromosomes?
What is the term for cells that have two sets of chromosomes?
What is the term for cells that have one set of chromosomes?
What is the term for cells that have one set of chromosomes?
What process results in four daughter cells being formed?
What process results in four daughter cells being formed?
What term describes four chromatids in a structure during meiosis?
What term describes four chromatids in a structure during meiosis?
What is it called when chromatids exchange portions?
What is it called when chromatids exchange portions?
What is the notation for diploid cells?
What is the notation for diploid cells?
What are sex cells called?
What are sex cells called?
What occurs during Metaphase I of meiosis?
What occurs during Metaphase I of meiosis?
What occurs during telophase II?
What occurs during telophase II?
What phase occurs when crossing over happens?
What phase occurs when crossing over happens?
What happens during Anaphase I?
What happens during Anaphase I?
What occurs during Anaphase II?
What occurs during Anaphase II?
What occurs during Telophase I?
What occurs during Telophase I?
In the egg-making process, even though 4 daughter cells are formed, only one will be an egg and the other three are called ______ ______.
In the egg-making process, even though 4 daughter cells are formed, only one will be an egg and the other three are called ______ ______.
In the sperm-making process, 4 sperm cells are formed ___ boys and ___ girls.
In the sperm-making process, 4 sperm cells are formed ___ boys and ___ girls.
Meiosis is a ______ reproduction.
Meiosis is a ______ reproduction.
Mitosis is a ______ reproduction.
Mitosis is a ______ reproduction.
Where does meiosis occur?
Where does meiosis occur?
Where does mitosis occur?
Where does mitosis occur?
Meiosis is genetically?
Meiosis is genetically?
Mitosis is genetically?
Mitosis is genetically?
Mixing of chromosomes (crossing over) occurs only in?
Mixing of chromosomes (crossing over) occurs only in?
What type of cellular reproduction reduces the chromosome number by half?
What type of cellular reproduction reduces the chromosome number by half?
What is the process of asexual reproduction that produces an exact replica of a cell?
What is the process of asexual reproduction that produces an exact replica of a cell?
Pairing of homologs happens in ___ not ___
Pairing of homologs happens in ___ not ___
What process provides genetic diversity through sexual reproduction?
What process provides genetic diversity through sexual reproduction?
What type of cellular reproduction is involved in general growth and repair of the body?
What type of cellular reproduction is involved in general growth and repair of the body?
How many divisions does meiosis have?
How many divisions does meiosis have?
How many divisions does mitosis have?
How many divisions does mitosis have?
How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?
How many daughter cells are produced during meiosis?
How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis?
How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis?
During meiosis, the chromosome number is ________ but during mitosis it _______.
During meiosis, the chromosome number is ________ but during mitosis it _______.
List the steps of meiosis I and Meiosis II:
List the steps of meiosis I and Meiosis II:
List the steps of mitosis:
List the steps of mitosis:
During meiosis, when does cytokinesis occur?
During meiosis, when does cytokinesis occur?
During mitosis, when does cytokinesis occur?
During mitosis, when does cytokinesis occur?
During meiosis, when do the centromeres not separate?
During meiosis, when do the centromeres not separate?
During meiosis, when do the centromeres separate?
During meiosis, when do the centromeres separate?
What does meiosis create?
What does meiosis create?
What does mitosis create?
What does mitosis create?
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Study Notes
Cell Division Overview
- Interphase is the longest phase of cell division, during which the cell prepares for mitosis.
- Mitosis results in DNA replication, ensuring each daughter cell receives identical genetic information.
Chromosomal Structures
- Chromatids refer to chromosomes that have formed an X shape during cell division.
- Homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
Stages of Mitosis
- Mitosis includes distinct stages: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
- Microtubules form the spindle apparatus during mitosis, essential for chromosome movement.
Cell Division Procedures
- Metaphase is characterized by chromosomes lining up along the cell's equator.
- Cytokinesis occurs in animal cells when the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.
- In plant cells, a new cell wall forms during division.
Types of Cell Division
- Mitosis is the process that creates two genetically identical diploid daughter cells through a single division.
- Meiosis produces four genetically diverse haploid daughter cells via two rounds of cell division.
Meiosis Specifics
- Crossing over occurs during Prophase I, increasing genetic diversity by exchanging portions of chromatids.
- A tetrad consists of four chromatids formed during meiosis.
- In females, only one egg cell is viable from four daughter cells; the other three are polar bodies.
Gametes and Chromosome Numbers
- Diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n), while haploid cells have one set (n).
- Gametes include sex cells (eggs and sperm), which carry genetic information for reproduction.
Phases of Meiosis
- Meiosis I: Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I.
- Meiosis II: Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
- Chromosomes reduce by half during meiosis, while the number stays the same during mitosis.
Key Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis
- Mitosis is asexual reproduction responsible for growth and repair, while meiosis is sexual reproduction that generates genetic diversity.
- Mitosis involves one division leading to two diploid cells; meiosis involves two divisions resulting in four haploid cells.
- The centromeres split during anaphase in mitosis but do not separate during anaphase I of meiosis.
Cytokinesis and its Role
- Cytokinesis in mitosis occurs during Telophase, whereas in meiosis, it occurs in both Telophase I and II.
Genetic Implications
- Mitosis produces identical cells for tissue regeneration, while meiosis creates diversity necessary for evolution through sexual reproduction.
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