Medical Biology 1 sample mcq
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of cell membranes?

  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Phospholipids
  • Cholesterol
  • Nucleic acids

    • Which organelle is primarily involved in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells?

  • Lysosome (correct)
  • Mitochondrion
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum

    • Which process describes the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

  • Polymerization
  • Replication (correct)
  • Reverse transcription
  • Translation

    • What molecule serves as the primary energy currency in cells?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) in cells?

    <p>Catalyze biochemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur in the cell?

    <p>Chloroplast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain of aerobic respiration?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle does photosynthesis primarily occur?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Releasing carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule acts as the primary electron donor in photosynthesis?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP, primarily take place?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell junctions allow for direct communication between adjacent animal cells?

    <p>Tight junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as the 'genetic blueprint' in living organisms?

    <p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) primarily found in a cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the cell theory, what does it state?

    <p>Cells can arise spontaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy in cellular metabolism?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are nucleotides composed of?

    <p>Amino acids and a phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

    <p>Metallic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is a primary component of all organic molecules?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule is primarily responsible for the storage and expression of genetic information?

    <p>Nucleic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical bond is crucial for maintaining the secondary structure of proteins?

    <p>Hydrogen bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Steroids are a type of lipid characterized by:

    <p>A four-ring structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RNA molecules in cells?

    <p>Playing a role in gene expression and protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form are carbohydrates typically stored in animal cells?

    <p>Glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary structure of a protein is determined by:

    <p>The sequence of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are biological catalysts that:

    <p>Decrease the activation energy of reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water's high specific heat is mainly a consequence of the:

    <p>Hydrogen bonding between water molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a monosaccharide is:

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The formation of a dipeptide from two amino acids involves:

    <p>A dehydration synthesis reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nucleoside differs from a nucleotide in that the nucleoside lacks:

    <p>A phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular process primarily involves carbohydrates?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in eukaryotic gene expression allows for a single gene to code for multiple proteins?

    <p>Alternative splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the basic unit of life?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a cell?

    <p>Scanning electron microscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in cells?

    <p>Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>They lack a defined nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cell theory, which statement is accurate?

    <p>All cells come from pre-existing non-cellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of carbon allows it to form a wide variety of structures, including chains and rings?

    <p>Its ability to form four covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cholesterol, a type of lipid, in the cell?

    <p>Cell membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the polysaccharide cellulose in plants?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is not found in nucleotides?

    <p>Fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the synthesis of a new protein molecule?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water molecule are held together by:

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fatty acids are characterized by:

    <p>A straight chain structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome?

    <p>Messenger RNA (mRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

    <p>To speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipids are important components of:

    <p>The cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily involved in the detoxification of drugs and poisons in liver cells?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein structure is characterized by the sequence of amino acids?

    <p>Primary structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is essential for the segregation of chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is the primary energy currency in cells?

    <p>ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

    <p>Absorbing light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of converting light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis takes place in:

    <p>Thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule acts as the primary electron donor in photosynthesis?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'metabolism' refers to:

    <p>All chemical reactions in a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process in eukaryotic gene expression allows for a single gene to code for multiple proteins?

    <p>Alternative splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the basic unit of life?

    <p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is commonly referred to as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

    <p>Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of DNA in cells?

    <p>Genetic information storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are involved in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cell theory, which statement is accurate?

    <p>All cells come from pre-existing non-cellular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fluid mosaic model describes the cell membrane as:

    <p>A dynamic structure with a mixture of lipids and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

    <p>Structural support and movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell?

    <p>Catalyzing peptide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed between amino acids in a protein?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions in the cell?

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the polysaccharide cellulose in plants?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a water molecule, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms are held together by:

    <p>Covalent bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the synthesis of a new protein molecule?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phospholipids are important components of:

    <p>The cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>Modulates membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated fatty acids are characterized by:

    <p>Being liquid at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

    <p>To speed up chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical bond is crucial for maintaining the secondary structure of proteins?

    <p>Disulfide bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RNA molecules in cells?

    <p>Playing a role in gene expression and protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is not typically found in the plasma membrane of a cell?

    <p>Ribonucleic acid (RNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids differ from other macromolecules because they:

    <p>Contain only carbon and hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nucleoside differs from a nucleotide in that the nucleoside lacks:

    <p>A phosphate group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tertiary structure of a protein is important because it:

    <p>Determines the protein's specificity and function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes are biological catalysts that:

    <p>Decrease the activation energy of reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a monosaccharide is:

    <p>$Sucrose$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is primarily involved in the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for the selective permeability of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellular respiration, a process that generates ATP, primarily takes place in the:

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell junctions allow for direct communication between adjacent animal cells?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a cell, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is primarily found in the:

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle is known as:

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule serves as the 'genetic blueprint' in living organisms?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cell theory states that:

    <p>All living things are made of cells and cell products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is a primary component of all organic molecules?

    <p>Carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

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